铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷掺杂改性的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21030094

材料导报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (5): 21030094-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21030094

无机非金属及其复合材料

铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷掺杂改性的研究进展

宋牙牙^1,2, 黄艳斐², 郭伟玲², 邢志国², 王海斗², 吕振林¹, 张执南³

1 西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院,西安 710048
2 陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京 100072
3 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240

Research Progress of Doping Modification of Potassium Sodium Niobate-based Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics

SONG Yaya^1,2, HUANG Yanfei², GUO Weiling², XING Zhiguo², WANG Haidou², LV Zhenlin¹, ZHANG Zhinan³

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Armored Force Institute, Beijing 100072, China
3 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

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摘要压电陶瓷材料因具有优异的机电转换特性而被广泛应用,主要分为铅基压电陶瓷和无铅基压电陶瓷。然而,铅基压电陶瓷因含有高浓度的重金属铅而对环境损害极大,目前世界各国均已立法限制其应用。因此,环境友好型的无铅压电陶瓷成为学者的研究重点。其中,铌酸钾钠(KNN)基陶瓷因含有较大的压电系数、较高的居里温度,且通过适当的成分设计和晶体相位调整,在多晶型相界处可获得最佳电学性能,有的甚至可与锆钛酸铅(PZT)相媲美,从而备受人们的青睐。但对于在多晶型相界处可获得最佳电学性能的物理机理并未明确,同时多晶型相界不易调控以及KNN基陶瓷自身K、Na元素易挥发,对其电学性能产生了严重影响。
本文以离子取代、添加新组元和添加烧结助剂为切入点,论述KNN基陶瓷的掺杂机理和烧结特性,讨论A位掺杂、B位掺杂以及A、B位共掺对KNN陶瓷晶体结构的影响,重点论述三方相-正交相(R-O)、正交相-四方相(O-T)或三方相-四方相(R-T)共存与高压电性的物理机制,总结KNN基无铅压电陶瓷的发展。其中,在离子取代基础上添加新组元化合物,更加有利于构建多相共存的微观相结构;同时,开发的烧结助剂可有效地解决KNN基陶瓷烧结性能较差的问题。综上可知,KNN基无铅压电陶瓷在取代PZT基压电陶瓷材料方面具有极大潜力。

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关键词: 铌酸钾钠压电陶瓷钙钛矿多晶型相界纳米铁电畴烧结助剂

Abstract: Piezoelectric ceramic materials are widely used due to their excellent electromechanical conversion characteristics. They are mainly divided into lead-based and lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. However, high lead concentration is extremely harmful to the environment, and international legislation has prohibited the application of lead-based piezoelectric ceramics. Therefore, environmentally friendly lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have become the research focus. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based lead-free ceramics are favored because of their large piezoelectric coefficient and high Curie temperature. KNN-based ceramics with appropriate composition and crystal phase adjustment can achieve the best electrical properties at the polycrystalline phase boundary, and some are even comparable to PZT. However, difficulty in controlling the polycrystalline phase boundary and the volatile nature of K and Na in KNN-based ceramics have seriously affected their electrical properties. In addition, the fundamental reasons behind the optimum electrical properties at the polycrystalline phase boundary remain undiscovered.
Taking ion substitution, adding new components and adding sintering additives as the starting point, this article discusses the doping mechanism and sintering characteristics of KNN-based ceramics in detail. It also discusses the effects of A-site doping, B-site doping, and A and B-site co-doping on the crystal structure of KNN-based ceramics with a focus on the physical mechanism of the coexistence of R-O, O-T, or R-T phases and high piezoelectric properties, and summarizes prospects and developments in KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics. The results show that adding a new component based on ion substitution is more conducive to constructing a multiphase coexistence microstructure. And the deve-loped sintering aid can effectively improve the poor sintering performance of KNN-based ceramics. Based on the results, it is established that KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics have great potential in replacing lead-based piezoelectric ceramics.

Key words: potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric ceramics perovskite polycrystalline phase boundary nanometer ferroelectric domain sintering aid

出版日期: 2022-03-10 发布日期: 2022-03-08

ZTFLH:

TB381

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51775554);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51535011)

通讯作者: huangyanfei123@126.com; xingzg2011@163.com

作者简介: 宋牙牙,2019年毕业于景德镇陶瓷大学,获得工学学士学位。现为西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在邢志国助理研究员的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷涂层。
邢志国,再制造技术国家重点实验室助理研究员,2010年7月在西安理工大学材料学系取得博士学位,主要从事摩擦学与再制造寿命评估方向的教学和科研工作。获北京市自然科学二等奖1项,授权各类专利30项,共发表学术论文60余篇,其中以第一作者和通信作者发表45篇,被SCI检索38篇、EI检索13篇。
黄艳斐,再制造技术国家重点实验室助理研究员。2011年7月在北京航空航天大学取得硕士学位。从事表面工程与再制造工程方面的教学和科研工作,发表论文20余篇;主编著作1部,参编著作2部;授权国家发明专利2项。

引用本文:

宋牙牙, 黄艳斐, 郭伟玲, 邢志国, 王海斗, 吕振林, 张执南. 铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷掺杂改性的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(5): 21030094-10.
SONG Yaya, HUANG Yanfei, GUO Weiling, XING Zhiguo, WANG Haidou, LV Zhenlin, ZHANG Zhinan. Research Progress of Doping Modification of Potassium Sodium Niobate-based Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(5): 21030094-10.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21030094 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I5/21030094

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