Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
Abstract: Electrochemically splitting water into hydrogen by renewable energy production is considered as one of the most promising candidates for building “hydrogen cycle”, alleviating energy crisis and sloving environmental problems. However, it is greatly restrained the overall efficiency of hydrogen production by the high overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and slow reaction kinetics in the traditional water electrolysis. In comparison with OER, urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an easy process which not only consumes much less energy from hydrogen production, but also degrades urea-rich wastewater. Thus, it is an environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen production from urea electrolysis, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Significant efforts have been made to explore high-effective catalysts due to the UOR with complex process and slow 6e- transfer rate. To improve the UOR performance of Ni-based electrocatalysts, some researchers have devoted to increasing the active sites for electrocatalytic oxidation of urea by controlling the size and morphology of Ni-based catalysts. The surface electron structure can also be changed by incorporation of defect vacancy and unsaturated active site, which is beneficial for UOR. In addition, doping heteroatom is conducive to regulate the electron structure of the catalyst, which can not only change its electrical conductivity, but also induce the conversion of crystal phase or crystal face to improve the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. In recent years, some studies have been dedicated to developing composite catalysts with heterogeneous junction, forming synergistic effect of heterogeneous interface and active phase, which can change the adsorption/desorption of the reactants and promote the electron transfer and electrical conductivity, resulting in enhancing the electrocatalytic UOR performance of Ni-based catalysts. Herein, the design concept and research status of nickel-based UOR catalysts were summarized in recent years, especially in the mechanism of promoting UOR on the Ni-based catalysts through regulating morphology and microstructure, defect engineering, doping modification, and heterojunction. The influence on the electrochemical properties and reaction mechanism of UOR and the synthesis method and structure of Ni-based catalysts were also reviewed. Furthermore, in view of the lack of understanding of the relationships of defect-structure-performance, the research direction of rational design of defective nickel-based catalysts was proposed to shed light on further development of urea electrolysis.
作者简介: 向阳,2019年6月本科毕业于桂林理工大学。现为重庆工商大学化学工程专业硕士研究生,研究方向为电催化氧化反应与纳米功能材料。 熊昆,副研究员/博士(后),硕士研究生导师。2015年毕业于重庆大学化学工程与技术专业,获工学博士学位,同年进入重庆工商大学工作,主要从事新型催化材料设计、环境催化及能源转化等方面的研究。在Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Chemical Communications, Electrochemistry Communications, Journal of Power Sources, Applied Catalysis A-General等国际重要学术刊物上发表学术论文40余篇,授权国家发明专利3项。
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