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材料导报  2022, Vol. 36 Issue (12): 20080165-11    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20080165
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
天然矿物为模板制备功能炭材料的研究进展
侯磊1, 韩学锋2, 邢宝林1,2, 曾会会1, 王振帅1, 郭晖2, 张传祥1,2, 谌伦建1,2
1 河南理工大学化学化工学院,河南省煤炭绿色转化重点实验室,河南 焦作 454003
2 煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南 焦作 454003
Research Progress on the Preparation of Functional Carbon Materials Using Natural Minerals as Templates
HOU Lei1, HAN Xuefeng2, XING Baolin1,2, ZENG Huihui2, WANG Zhenshuai1, GUO Hui2, ZHANG Chuanxiang1,2, CHEN Lunjian1,2
1 Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003,Henan, China
2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety, Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China
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摘要 炭材料因具有特定的微观结构、可调控的孔隙特征及优良的物理化学稳定性等特点,已被广泛应用于环境治理、能量存储、生物医药、电子信息和国防科技等多个领域。炭材料的微观结构是决定其功能化应用性能的关键因素,因此,针对不同用途定向设计和可控制备具有特定功能的炭材料,并实现其微观结构的精准调控具有重要意义。在众多炭材料制备方法中,天然矿物模板法因在炭材料的微观结构精准调控、模板资源丰富、制备工艺高效等方面具有明显优势而备受关注。自然界中存在大量具有一维、二维、三维结构的天然矿物,且拥有特殊的微观形貌特征和发达的孔隙结构,为定向制备特定结构的炭材料提供了优质的天然模板。
本文简要介绍了天然矿物为模板制备功能炭材料的原理,并在此基础上重点综述了天然矿物模板法在功能炭材料制备及其微观结构调控等方面的研究现状与发展动态。主要体现在:(1)利用埃洛石、凹凸棒石和海泡石等一维纳米结构特征,通过碳质前驱体对天然模板形貌或孔道的选择性复制来制备碳纳米管、碳纳米棒和碳纳米纤维,并借助热处理和酸活化等手段对矿物模板进行预先改性以实现一维纳米炭材料形貌特征和孔隙结构的双重调控;(2)利用蛭石、蒙脱石和水滑石等二维层状结构特征,通过碳质分子在矿物层间限域空间内的定向排列来制备石墨烯和碳纳米片,并借助热处理和离子交换等手段对矿物模板进行适度扩层改性以实现二维纳米炭材料微观结构的有效调控;(3)利用沸石和硅藻土等三维立体架构多孔特征,通过多孔矿物的结构导向作用制备具有“微孔-中孔-大孔”层次孔结构的三维多孔炭,并借助CO2、H2O和KOH等协同活化造孔以实现多孔炭材料三维多孔结构的精准调控。最后,本文指出了利用天然矿物为模板制备功能炭材料所存在的主要问题,并对天然矿物模板法制备功能炭材料的未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期为高性能功能炭材料的研发与应用提供参考。
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侯磊
韩学锋
邢宝林
曾会会
王振帅
郭晖
张传祥
谌伦建
关键词:  天然矿物  模板法  功能炭材料  微观结构  孔隙结构  结构调控    
Abstract: Carbon materials have been widely applied in a variety of technological fields such as environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, biomedicine, electronic information industry, and national defense science and technology due to their specific microstructure, adjustable pore structure, and excellent physical and chemical stability. In particular, the microstructure of carbon materials plays a determinant role in their practical application performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop specific functional carbon materials for different purposes and achieve precise control of their microstructure. Among all preparation methods of carbon materials, using natural minerals as templates has attracted considerable attention due to their overwhelming superiority in ease of operation, abundant resources, and precise regulation of the microstructure of carbon materials. Natural minerals that possess one-dimensional(1D), two-dimensional(2D), and three-dimensional(3D) morphology and unique porous structure can be chosen as a kind of ideal natural template for preparing carbon materials with distinctive structures.
This review introduces the principle of preparing function carbon materials from natural minerals as templates, with a focus on the current research status and development trends of the natural mineral template method in preparation and microstructure regulation of functional carbon materials. The paper mainly concerns three major research subfields. (1) 1D nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanorods (CNRs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can be obtained via selectively replicating the morphology or pore channel of halloysite, attapulgite, and sepiolite by carbon precursors. Meanwhile, their morphology and pore structure can be easily controlled in the manner of heat treatment, acid activation and other template modification methods. (2) 2D nanocarbon materials like graphene and carbon nanosheets(CNSs) are synthesized by the ordered arrangement of carbon source in the interlayer space of vermiculite, montmorillonite and hydrotalcite. Furthermore, the expanding modification methods for layered mineral templates including thermal treatment and ion exchange have also been adopted to improve the 2D morphology of carbon materials. (3) 3D porous carbon with “micropore, mesopore, macropore” hierarchical porous structure is prepared through the structure guiding effect of zeolite, diatomite and other 3D interlinked porous network mineral templates. More significantly, the unique porous structure can be precisely regulated with the pore-building approaches of CO2, H2O and KOH activation. Besides, this paper points out the unresolved issues in the preparation of functional carbon materials using natural minerals as templates and prospect its future development trend, for the purpose of providing some guidance for the development and application of high-performance functional carbon materials.
Key words:  natural mineral    template method    functional carbon material    microstructure    pore structure    structure regulation
出版日期:  2022-06-25      发布日期:  2022-06-24
ZTFLH:  TB34  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(51974110;52074109);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(21HASTIT008);河南省科技攻关项目(202102210183);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910460033;202010460063)
通讯作者:  baolinxing@hpu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  侯磊,2019年毕业于河南理工大学,获得工学学士学位。现为河南理工大学化学化工学院硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿产资源综合利用。
邢宝林,河南理工大学化学化工学院教授、博士研究生导师。2011年12月在河南理工大学矿物加工工程专业取得博士学位,2014—2015年在澳大利亚纽卡斯尔大学做访问学者,2017—2020年在郑州大学进行博士后研究工作。主要从事功能炭材料研发与应用和矿产资源综合利用等方面的研究,发表论文60余篇。
引用本文:    
侯磊, 韩学锋, 邢宝林, 曾会会, 王振帅, 郭晖, 张传祥, 谌伦建. 天然矿物为模板制备功能炭材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(12): 20080165-11.
HOU Lei, HAN Xuefeng, XING Baolin, ZENG Huihui, WANG Zhenshuai, GUO Hui, ZHANG Chuanxiang, CHEN Lunjian. Research Progress on the Preparation of Functional Carbon Materials Using Natural Minerals as Templates. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(12): 20080165-11.
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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20080165  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I12/20080165
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