Abstract: As a kind of green and environmental-friendly energy storage, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are received widely used in many fields, such as mobile phone, laptop, camera, medical instrument and other portable electronic devices, even in new energy electric vehicle. Especially, with the progress of society and the development of human beings, depletion of energy resources, oil crisis and motor vehicle exhaust problems are increasingly serious day by day. The dramatic rise of new energy powered cars asserts requirement of LIBs, which is regarded as one of the most suitable energy devices. And the improvement of energy density of LIBs will be of great significance to the development of new energy po-wered cars. The electrode materials are typical factors that limit the energy density of LIBs. Currently, the commercialized anode for LIBs are graphite, which have a very limited theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. Among various new type promising anodes, silicon has reached considerable attention due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 4 200 mAh/g. However, the low electronic conductivity, large volume expansion and unstable structure lead to the poor electrochemical performance of silicon anodes. It is demonstrated that the utilization of nano silicon is one of an efficient way to increase the structural stability and cycling performance. At present, the fabrication of nano silicon mainly includes chemical vapor deposition, plasma evaporation and condensation method and mechanical ball milling method. However, the above strategies always refer to demanding conditions for equipment, high cost and multi-steps. Therefore, the fabrication of nano silicon with short process and low cost will be of great importance to promote the application of silicon based anode especially silicon/carbon anode for LIBs. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of fabricating nano silicon by metallothermic reduction reactions especially by magnesiothermic reduction and the applications in LIBs. The technological advantages of metallothermic reduction reactions are analyzed. The properties of nano silicon obtained by magnesiothermic reduction are studied. Besides, the development prospect of low cost fabrication of nano silicon by metallothermic reduction reactions is discussed.
玉日泉. 金属热还原法制备锂离子电池纳米硅材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(3): 3041-3049.
YU Riquan. Research Progress of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Nano Silicon Preparation and Application in Lithium Ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(3): 3041-3049.
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2021, Vol. 35 
