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材料导报  2020, Vol. 34 Issue (5): 5039-5047    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19010081
  无机非金属及复合材料 |
铅酸电池负极添加剂的研究进展
李宵波1,2, 张盼盼1,2, 何亚鹏1,2, 黄惠1,2,3, 郭忠诚1,2,3
1 昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明 650093;
2 云南省冶金电极材料工程技术研究中心,昆明 650106;
3 昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司,昆明 650106
Research Progress in Negative Additives for Lead-acid Batteries
LI Xiaobo1,2, ZHANG Panpan1,2, HE Yapeng1,2, HUANG Hui1,2,3, GUO Zhongcheng1,2,3
1 College of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2 Research Center of Metallurgical Electrode Materials Engineering Technology, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650106, China;
3 Kunming Hendera Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
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摘要 近年来,环境污染与化石能源日益匮乏,使得储能设备不断发展更新。电池作为新型储能设备在能源供给方面占有一定的优势。目前二次电池市场中使用最广泛的主要还是锂离子电池及铅酸电池。锂电池具有能量密度高、体积小等优点,有超越铅酸电池的趋势,但因低温容量衰减严重、高温易爆炸等缺点导致其使用受到一定的限制。而铅酸电池具有使用温度范围较宽、安全可靠以及售价低廉等优势,在工业使用方面更具有普遍性。
　　铅酸电池在使用过程中也存在失效问题。目前铅酸电池失效模式主要起源于正负极早期容量损失、板栅腐蚀以及负极硫酸盐化等。作为混合动力汽车常用的动力来源,铅酸电池需在高倍率放电部分荷电状态(HRPSoC)下运行,此时,决定电池寿命的主要因素是负极是否失效。负极失效使得电池性能急剧下降、寿命缩短,而铅酸电池负极添加剂能够在不同程度上解决负极失效问题。
　　本文对铅酸电池常用的负极添加剂的研究发展概况和存在的问题进行了阐述,并对其进行了展望。铅酸电池负极添加剂主要包括碳材料、导电聚合物、无机或金属氧化物等,可以提高电池负极活性物质(NAM)的利用率,改善大电流放电、低温充放电、快速充电等性能。同时碳、聚苯胺、无机或金属氧化物等材料的加入能够分担铅酸电池负极的部分充电电流,减缓大电流对负极的冲击、抑制负极铅硫酸盐化、提高电池高倍率放电部分荷电状态循环寿命、降低负极放电深度、升高电池析氢电位、降低电池失水。
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李宵波
张盼盼
何亚鹏
黄惠
郭忠诚
关键词:  铅酸电池  失效机制  负极添加剂  电池性能    
Abstract: In recent years, the environmental pollution and scarcity of fossil energy have led to the continuous development and updation of energy sto-rage equipment. As a new energy storage device, the battery has many advantages in the energy supply. At present, the lithium ion batteries and lead-acid batteries are the most widely used in the secondary battery market. Correspondingly, lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density and low volume and a tendency to surpass lead-acid batteries. However, there are obvious limitations for lithium ion batteries due to the serious attenuation of low-temperature capacity and high-temperature explosion, and the reliability over wide temperature range and low price of lead-acid batteries make them more versatile in the energy industries.
　　The mainly failure modes of lead-acid battery are related to the early capacity loss of positive and negative plates, grid corrosion and lead sulfate sulphation at negative plate. As the common power source for hybrid vehicles, the lead-acid battery needs to be operated at high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) state, where the factor determining the life mainly stems from the invalidation of the negative electrode. The invalidation of the negative plate would result into sharp drop in battery performance and shortened life, and negative additives could solve the negative plate failure problems in different aspects to a certain extent.
　　In this review, recent progress on the study of negative additives for lead-acid battery and existing problems are summarized while the future development tendency is also forecasted. Typical negative additives, which primarily contain carbon materials, conducting polymer, inorganic or metal oxides, could enhance the utilization rate of negative electrode active material (NAM), improve the discharge performance under large current and low temperature situations, and so on. Meanwhile, negative conducting additives could participate part of charge current to slow down the adverse impact under large current. Furthermore, failure mechanism of negative plate including lead sulfation, cycle stability, electrolyte loss could be solved to some extent. Meantime, the disadvantages of the negative additives are also discussed in the review.
Key words:  lead-acid battery    failure mechanism    negative additives    battery performance
               出版日期:  2020-03-10      发布日期:  2020-01-16
ZTFLH:  TM912  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51504111;51564029);中国博士后科学基金 (2018M623418);昆明理工大学分析测试基金 (2018M20172102038)
通讯作者:  huihuanghan@kmust.edu.cn   
作者简介:  李宵波,2017年6月毕业于兰州理工大学,获工学学士学位。现为昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院硕士研究生,目前主要研究领域为储能电极材料;黄惠,教授,博士研究生导师,现任昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司技术总监、云南省冶金电极材料工程技术研究中心副主任。2000年毕业于四川大学化学学院高分子专业,获学士学位; 2006年7月毕业于云南大学材料科学学院无机材料专业,获硕士学位;2010年3月毕业于昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院冶金物理化学专业,获博士学位; 2014—2015年在美国弗罗里达大学做访问学者。现主要从事导电高分子新型节能阳极材料、特种功能粉体材料、冶金电化学及湿法冶金新材料等领域的研究开发及成果转化应用。目前,申请授权国家发明专利21件,出版学术专著3部,发表学术论文47篇,其中SCI、EI等收录35篇。获中国有色金属工业科学技术奖一等奖1项,云南省自然科学奖三等奖1项,云南省科学技术发明奖三等奖1项。 云岭产业技术领军人才、云南省中青年技术创新人才及昆明市中青年学术与技术带头人等称号;郭忠诚,教授,博士研究生导师,现任昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司董事长兼总经理、云南省冶金电极材料工程技术研究中心主任、中国表面工程协会理事、中国表面工程协会电镀分会常务理事等。1987年于昆明理工大学冶金系有色金属冶金专业获学士学位, 2001年于昆明理工大学冶金系有色金属冶金专业获博士学位。1998年和2006年前往澳大利亚Monash大学材料系和英国Manchester大学腐蚀与防护研究中心作访问学者。主要从事冶金物理化学、冶金新材料、表面工程、材料物理化学等领域的研究开发及成果转化应用。获国家发明专利27件和省部级科技成果奖励7项,出版专著8部,发表学术论文200多篇,其中SCI、EI等收录80多篇;荣获教育部全国百篇优秀博士学位论文奖,获中国有色金属工业科学技术奖一等奖2项,二等奖2项,中国发明协会发明创业奖特等奖1项。 国家万人计划(国家创新创业人才),国家级新世纪百千万人才工程,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划获得者,云南省政府特殊津贴获得者,云南省中青年学术与技术带头人等称号。
引用本文:    
李宵波, 张盼盼, 何亚鹏, 黄惠, 郭忠诚. 铅酸电池负极添加剂的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(5): 5039-5047.
LI Xiaobo, ZHANG Panpan, HE Yapeng, HUANG Hui, GUO Zhongcheng. Research Progress in Negative Additives for Lead-acid Batteries. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(5): 5039-5047.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.19010081  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2020/V34/I5/5039
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