Abstract: Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein polymer that can be extracted from B. mori silkworm cocoons. It has been used by the textile industry for thousands of years. With increasing needs for implantable and degradable biomaterials, SF textile material has attracted more and more interests in the biomedical field, due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity and sufficient supply. Moreover, it can be combined with other biomaterials to form biopolymer composites with unique performance. The versatility and sustainability of SF fibers-based biomedical textile material provides new research ideas and solutions for tailoring biomaterials to meet specific biomedical applications via eco-friendly approaches. The natural SF fiber can be obtained by degumming the cocoons, and after being dissolved, the regenerated SF solution can be obtained. Then, the regenerated SF solution can further prepare the regenerated SF fiber by different molding methods. According to the practical application requirements in the field of biomedicine, SF fibers can be made into one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional biomedical textiles by various techniques such as weaving, knitting, non-woven, electrospinning and three-dimensional printing technology, which have broad application prospects in biomedical fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and biosensors. However, there are still some disadvantages in the mechanical properties and persistence of SF textile materials, beyond that the specific biofunctionality is not excellent such as blood solubility, cell adhesion, osseointegration and cell differentiation. Therefore, the application of silk fibroin textile materials in the biomedical field is limited to some extent. In order to expand the application of SF textile materials in the biomedical field, it is usually necessary to enhance the inherent function or introduce new functions of SF textile materials through functional modification while retaining its intrinsic properties. At present, there are four main methods for functional modification of SF materials, including intrinsic functional modification, surface modification of SF fiber, blending modification with other functional fiber, directly mixing before regenerated SF solution spinning. The functionally modified SF materials can effectively guide cell response and functional expression, enhance mechanical properties, and achieve the purpose of promoting wound healing and tissue organ repair. This paper mainly reviews the recent advances in the development of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional SF-based textile materials in the biomedical fields. And the structure and basic properties of SF materials are introduced, the functional modification methods of SF-based textile materials are summarized. Besides, the future development tendency of SF-based textile materials is also forecasted.
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2020, Vol. 34 
