Research Progress of Iron-based Shape Memory Alloys: a Review
ZOU Qin1,2, DANG Shang1, LI Yanguo2, WANG Mingzhi2, XIONG Jianchao1
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 2 State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004
Abstract: Shape memory alloys are classified into three categories according to practical application values: NiTi-based alloys, Cu-based alloys and Fe-based alloys. The field of shape memory alloys has been dominated by NiTi alloys. However, NiTi-based shape memory alloys have the di-sadvantages of high material cost and poor cold workability. The Cu-based shape memory alloys have good hot workability and shape memory effect, but the Cu-based shape memory alloy have unstable memory performance, coarse grain and poor fatigue resistance, which hinders its research and application. Fe-based shape memory alloys have attracted much attention for their low cost, excellent workability and good weldability, and have been identified as a new shape memory material with promising development. The martensitic transformation of Fe-based shape memory alloys is mainly divided into three types, namely, face-centered cubic fcc (γ) → face-centered square fct, body-centered square bct, and close-packed hexagonal hcp (ε). Alloys with fcc(γ)→fct martensitic transformation and reverse phase transformation to achieve shape memory effect are Fe-Pd and Fe-Pt alloys. Alloys obtained by fcc(γ)→bct martensitic transformation and reverse phase transformation to obtain shape memory effects include Fe-Ni-Ti-C and Fe-Ni-Co-Ti alloys. The shape memory effect of the Fe-Mn-Si alloy exhibites the fcc(γ)→hcp(ε) martensitic transformation and its reverse phase transformation. Because Pd and Pt are expensive, the Fe-Pt/Fe-Pd shape memory alloys are not very practical and only used for academic research. Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy has a phase transition temperature close to room temperature and a relatively good shape memory effect, which makes it have a good application prospect. Because of Ms and large hysteresis, it hinders the wide range of applications of Fe-based shape memory alloys. However, the Fe-Ni-Co-Ti martensite interface has a initiative that does not change due to the thermal hysteresis. When the alloy is cooled or heated, it grows and contracts due to the movement of the martensite interface. Major success is now within reach with new class of Fe-Mn-Al-Ni alloys on the basis of the superelastic study of Fe-Ni-Co-Ti alloy. They exhibit superior superelastic properties and undergo superelasticity response at room temperature with low stress hysteresis. One of the characteristics of Fe-Mn-Al-Ni alloy is that the stress required to induce martensitic transformation has a low temperature dependence over a broad range, -196 ℃ to 240 ℃. This greatly broadens the application of Fe-based SMAs. In this paper, the research progress of Fe-based shape memory alloys and their related properties are introduced in recent years. In particular, the effects of various elements in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys on alloys are introduced in detail, which is related to the composition design of alloys. In the aspect of alloy composition design, this paper provides a reference for relative researchers and points out the existing problems at the present stage.
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2019, Vol. 33 
