Evaluation Method of Non-metallic Mineral Materials for Mycotoxins Removal: a Review
ZHANG Na1, HAN Xiaoyu1, LIANG Jinsheng1,2, LI Yan1, MENG Junping1,2, ZHANG Hong1,2
1 Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; 2 Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
Abstract: Animal feed is easily contaminated by mycotoxins, which will cause severe threat to animal and human health. Non-metallic mineral materials, such as montmorillonite, attapulgite, sepiolite and zeolite, have natural layered, fibrous and poreous nanostructures. Moreover, abundant hydroxyl and dangling bonds at the surface of the non-metallic mineral materials are usually accessible to contaminant, acting as adsorption sites, and the relatively stable crystal structure possess high ion exchangeable capacity. These characteristics make it a powerful adsorbent for contaminant, which has broad application prospects to remove mycotoxins. However, there exist some difficulties for evaluation method of non-metallic mineral materials to remove mycotoxins. For example, mycotoxins removal material may interact with nutrients, antibiotics, trace elements, etc. in the body of animals. Moreover, various mycotoxins may occur simultaneously in animal feeds, and the toxic effects may be amplified due to their synergistic interaction. Therefore, the mycotoxins removal capacity of material is rather different. So far, there was no uniform test method and evaluation standard for the non-metallic mineral materials to remove mycotoxins. The main restrict of the evaluation method on the adsorption capacity is that the diversity of mycotoxins and their variety concentration in the feed. Furthermore, the diverse, vary and complicated removal product caused great trouble to choose, which seriously hampered the healthy development of livestock and feed industries. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a scientific, effective and unified test method and evaluation standard of non-metallic mineral materials for mycotoxins removal. At present, in vitro, vivo and vitro simulation methods were widely used to test the properties of mycotoxin removal materials. All these methods are effective to a certain degree, but they still have considerable limitations in practical applications. For instance, in vitro method is simple, fast and easy to implement. However, it lacked similar animal digestion and absorption environment that limit accurate evaluation of the remove capacity. In vivo method can accurately evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mycotoxin removal materials. Nevertheless, the process of digestion and absorption in the body of animal was complicated, the experimental process was time-consuming, and the collection of the sample was extremely difficult. With the deepening of research on the digestion and absorption process of animals, an in vitro simulated biological digestion system can be established to detect and evaluate the mycotoxin removal materials. However, the establishment of in vitro simulation model was complicated and the equipment was expensive. Therefore, a novel in vitro simulation method for determining the mycotoxin removal performance of non-metallic mineral materials was proposed, which is on the basis of in vitro simulated enzymatic digestion method and in vitro experimental adsorption-desorption method. This paper reviewed the latest research progress on test methods and development direction of the mycotoxins removal performance of typical non-metallic mineral materials. It is expected that this review can provide a certain reference for the standardization of evaluation methods for non-metallic mineral materials to remove mycotoxins in animal feed.
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2020, Vol. 34 
