Research Progress of Degradable Porous Zn-based Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
ZHAO Lichen, ZHANG Shuo, YUAN Pengkai, WANG Xin, QI Yumin, WANG Tiebao, CUI Chunxiang
Key Lab. for New Type of Functional Materials of Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
Abstract: Treatment of large bone defects caused by trauma, congenital anomalies, and tissue resection due to cancer is still one of the major challenges in orthopedic surgery at present. The use of bone tissue engineering scaffolds instead of autologous bone grafts to reconstruct bone tissue at the defect site brings a new solution to this problem. Considering that the ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold should have good biocompatibility, suitable biodegradability, mechanical properties matching the bone tissue, and antibacterial property, the porous Zn-based scaffold may become the best candidate for the ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. However, investigation results in recent years show that the currently developed porous Zn-based scaffolds have poor mechanical properties, a relatively fast degradation rate at the initial stage of immersion in vitro or implantation in vivo and excessive Zn2+ release. Although Zn2+ with high concentrations can inhibit bacteria and kill bacteria, the cytotoxicity of the scaffold caused by the Zn2+ is also improved. As a result, the bone integration ability of the scaffold in vivo can be delayed. In view of the fact, the research on the porous Zn-based scaffolds in recent years has mainly focused on improving the mechanical properties of the scaffold, regulating the degradation rate of the scaffold, and imparting antibacterial and bactericidal properties and good biocompatibility to the scaffold material. The researchers mainly adopted methods such as alloying, controlling the porosity, and controlling the pore morphology and pore size of the porous scaffold to improve the mechanical properties of the porous Zn-based scaffold and simultaneously regulate the degradation rate of the scaffold. Besides that, some researchers have tried to control the degradation rate of porous Zn-based scaffolds by using galvanic corrosion. Because the released Zn2+ during degradation process seriously affects the antibacterial and bactericidal properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold material, and the antibacterial and bactericidal properties and good biocompatibility have exactly the opposite requirements for the Zn2+ concentration, therefore effective methods for simultaneously enduing the scaffold with antibacterial and bactericidal properties and good biocompatibility are still being explored and investigated. This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts to the preparation methods, mechanical properties, biodegradability, antibacterial and bactericidal properties, and biocompatibility of the degradable porous Zn-based bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Then we analysed the problems of the porous Zn-based scaffolds and looked forward to its prospects. We hope that this review will help to prepare a porous Zn-based scaffold with excellent mechanical properties, suitable and controllable degradation rate, antibacterial and bactericidal properties, and good biocompatibility.
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2023, Vol. 37 
