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材料导报  2023, Vol. 37 Issue (13): 21040152-6    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21040152
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
Cu-Ag高强高导合金的研究现状与进展
张道琦1,2, 张林1,*, 郭晓1,2, 王恩刚1,*
1 东北大学材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110819
2 东北大学冶金学院,沈阳 110819
Research Status and Progress of Cu-Ag High-strength and High-conductivity Alloys
ZHANG Daoqi1,2, ZHANG Lin1,*, GUO Xiao1,2, WANG Engang1,*
1 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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摘要 现代能源、电力、机械、电子信息等产业的发展需要用到导电和力学性能优良的Cu基合金。具有弥散第二增强相分布的Cu基合金具有高导电性和高强度,可用于脉冲强磁场、高铁接触用线和航天等高科技领域。目前被广泛研究的Cu基二元合金有Cu-Nb、Cu-Ag、Cu-Cr和Cu-Zr等。其中Cu-Ag合金相比其他Cu基二元合金具有更高的导电性能和力学综合性能。
然而,Ag属于贵金属,价格昂贵,Cu-Ag合金制备工艺流程长,成本高。因此,近年来寻找新型合金制备方法和与Cu-Ag合金相匹配的合金化元素成为了研究热点,研究者们不断尝试在合金中加入第三组元,从而降低合金中的Ag含量,提高合金的综合性能;同时,改进形变过程中的热处理工艺也对Cu基合金性能提升取得了一定效果。
研究表明,增加Ag含量有利于合金强度的增加。采用定向凝固与冷变形相结合的制备工艺,可以大幅提高合金强度;采用水平连铸工艺,或在凝固过程中施加直流、交流磁场,均可使制备的Cu-Ag合金导电性能提高。目前,在Cu-Ag合金研究中加入的第三组元有Nb、Cr、Zr、W、Fe、稀土元素。富Nb相有良好的延展性,在拉拔过程中很容易演变为纤维,提高了合金强度;Zr、W元素能够抑制Ag的析出,从而提高合金的强度;Cr元素能使合金的耐磨性能提升2～3倍,但富Cr相的延展性相对较差。
本文归纳了Cu-Ag高强高导合金的研究进展,分析了提高Cu-Ag二元合金和Cu-Ag系三元合金性能的方法以及面临的问题,以期为制备综合性能优良的Cu-Ag合金提供参考。
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张道琦
张林
郭晓
王恩刚
关键词:  Cu-Ag合金  导电性能  抗拉强度  凝固  形变  热处理    
Abstract: Cu-Based alloys with excellent conductivity and mechanical properties have a wide range of applications in the development of modern energy, electric power, machinery, electronic devices, and other industries. Cu-based alloys reinforced by the dispersion of a second phase have high strength and high conductivity, and these can be used in high-tech fields such as pulsed high magnetic field, high-speed rail contact wire, and aerospace technical field. Cu-based binary alloys such as Cu-Nb, Cu-Ag, Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr have been widely studied.The Cu-Ag alloy exhibits superior electrical conductivity and mechanical properties compared to other binary alloys based on copper.
As a noble metal, Ag is expensive, and the preparation of Cu-Ag alloys is complicated and expensive. Therefore, in recent years, it has become a popular research topic to design new fabrication methods and alloying elements of Cu-Ag alloys. Scholars have attempted to add some third components to Cu-Ag alloys, which can not only reduce Ag content but also improve comprehensive properties of the alloy. Moreover, the properties of the alloy have been improved by optimizing the heat treatment process in the deformation stages.
Results show that alloy strength increases with increasing Ag content. The strength of the alloy can also be improved by combining directional solidification and cold deformation. Some studies have shown that electrical conductivity can be improved by the horizontal continuous casting process or by applying DC and AC magnetic fields during solidification. Currently, Nb, Cr, Zr, W, Fe, and rare-earth elements are used in the synthesis of Cu-Ag alloys. The Nb-rich phase has good ductility and can easily form fibers in the drawing process, leading to increased strength. Zr and W can inhibit the precipitation of Ag, improving alloy strength. Cr can improve the wear resistance of the alloy by approximately 2—3 times;however, ductility of the Cr-rich phase is relatively poor.
This paper summarizes recent results in high-strength and high-conductivity Cu-Ag alloys and analyzes methods to improve the properties of Cu-Ag binary alloys and Cu-Ag ternary alloys. In order to facilitate the preparation of Cu-Ag alloys with superior comprehensive properties, this paper aims to provide a valuable reference.
Key words:  Cu-Ag alloy    electric conductivity    tensile strength    solidification    deformation    heat treatment
发布日期:  2023-07-10
ZTFLH:  TG146.1  
  TG156.5  
  TG359  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0107900);国家自然科学基金 (51674083);国家111计划2.0(BP0719037)
通讯作者:  *张林,东北大学特聘研究员、博士研究生导师。2001年本科毕业于东北大学,2004年、2008年于东北大学分别获得硕士和博士学位。2004年开始在东北大学工作,2011年被聘为副教授。2011—2012年在美国国家强磁场实验室访学。2021年成为东北大学特聘研究员。现主要从事高强高导合金、难混溶合金、储能材料与纳米磁性材料的制备技术研究。近年来,在金属材料制备领域发表论文60余篇,其中以第一作者发表SCI论文17篇。zhanglin@epm.neu.edu.cn;
王恩刚,东北大学二级教授、博士研究生导师。1984年毕业于西安交通大学机械工程系铸造专业,获学士学位;1987年毕业于哈尔滨工业大学金属材料及工艺系铸造专业,获硕士学位;1998年毕业于东北大学热能工程系热能专业,获博士学位。中国金属学会电磁冶金与强磁场材料科学分会主任委员,国际EPM大会学术委员会委员,国务院政府特殊津贴获得者,入选辽宁省百千万人才工程百人层次,沈阳市高层次人才。高等学校学科创新引智基地(111计划2.0)—“电磁冶金与强磁场材料科学与技术创新引智基地”负责人。 长期从事电磁冶金理论与连铸技术、金属凝固与电磁调控理论与技术、高强高导铜合金形变加工、强磁场材料科学等学科领域研究。主持完成国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金重点项目和面上项目、国家111计划(1.0和2.0)、国家863计划等科研项目。获国家科学技术进步一等奖,中国冶金科学技术一等奖等科技奖励。获中国、欧洲、美国、日本等国家发明专利30余项。在JMST、MSEA、JAC、MD、MC、IJHMT、MMTA、MMTB、ISIJ等期刊发表SCI收录论文100余篇。egwang@mail.neu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  张道琦,2018年7月毕业于太原科技大学,获得工学学士学位。现为东北大学冶金学院硕士研究生,在张林特聘研究员的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为Cu-Ag高强高导合金的先进制造技术。
引用本文:    
张道琦, 张林, 郭晓, 王恩刚. Cu-Ag高强高导合金的研究现状与进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(13): 21040152-6.
ZHANG Daoqi, ZHANG Lin, GUO Xiao, WANG Engang. Research Status and Progress of Cu-Ag High-strength and High-conductivity Alloys. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(13): 21040152-6.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21040152  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I13/21040152
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