纳米零价铁基材料去除水中硝酸盐污染的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21010052

材料导报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (4): 21010052-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21010052

无机非金属及其复合材料

纳米零价铁基材料去除水中硝酸盐污染的研究进展

吕晓书^1,*, 王霞玲¹, 蒋光明¹, 熊昆¹, 汪小莉², 张贤明¹

1 重庆工商大学废油资源化技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,重庆 400067
2 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司安全环保质量监督检测研究院,重庆 400042

Review of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron-based Materials and Their Application in the Removal of Aqueous Nitrate Pollution

LYU Xiaoshu^1,*, WANG Xialing¹, JIANG Guangming¹, XIONG Kun¹, WANG Xiaoli², ZHANG Xianming¹

1 Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067, China
2 China Petroleum Group Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd. Safety and Environmental Quality Supervision and Inspection Research Institute,Chongqing 400042,China

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摘要地下水和地表水中的硝酸盐污染成为一个日益严重的环境问题,通过经济有效的办法对硝酸盐污染进行控制或处理,甚至实现完全无害化,是非常必要且迫切的。纳米零价铁作为一种典型的工程纳米材料,在硝酸盐污染环境修复中有巨大的应用潜力。
以纳米零价铁技术在硝酸根还原中的应用发展作为依据,该领域当前主要的研究工作集中于:(1)通过对纳米零价铁颗粒合成方法的探索和改进,提高其对高浓度硝酸盐废水的耐冲击能力,或与其他修复处理技术联用,增强其在原位修复中的适用性等;(2)研究环境条件(包括反应温度、溶解氧浓度、溶液初始pH,以及环境中其他竞争离子等)对纳米零价铁还原硝酸盐的影响规律,为该技术的工业推广提供理论支撑。然而,总结这些研究工作后发现该技术在向实用化进程中仍存在一些难点问题,尤其是零价铁技术使用寿命较短,硝酸根在体系内传质和吸附受限,产物(氮气)选择性低等。为此,在纳米零价铁材料的基础上,通过对其进行功能化改性,进而合成纳米铁基复合材料,作为更先进的技术替代。
本文从负载型、双金属型、表面改性型几个方面对纳米铁基复合材料进行了归纳整理,重点阐述了不同复合体系在水中硝酸盐污染去除中展示出的优异于纯纳米零价铁体系的多种性能,揭示纳米铁基复合材料促进机理和影响硝酸根还原能效的因素。最后,对纳米零价铁基材料修复水中硝酸根污染技术目前尚需要解决的问题和未来的发展方向进行了思考和展望。

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	吕晓书
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关键词: 零价铁化学还原硝酸根 N₂选择性功能材料

Abstract: Aqueous nitrate (NO₃^-) contamination is an ubiquitous environmental problem because of the extensive application of the relevant chemicals;the remediation of water polluted by nitrate via economic and effective methods, evenly realizing complete harmlessness is crucial. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a typical engineered nanomaterial that is potentially used in environmental remediation of nitrate pollution.
In this paper, based on the application and development of nZVI technology in nitrate reduction, the prior studies mainly focus on the following:(1) improving its synthesis method or combining with other remediation techniques to improve its efficiency in in-situ remediation and enhance its resilience towards high concentration nitrate wastewater;(2) investigating the effects of environmental conditions including temperature, dissolved oxygen, solution pH, and competitive coexisting ions, to guide its practical applications. Although nZVI technology possesses remarkable potential in NO3-conversion, some difficulties remain, especially the short lifetime, limited mass transfer and adsorption capacity, and low selectivity towards nitrogen as a final product. These hinder the large-scale practical application of the technology. Therefore, functionalized nZVI-based materials, upon suitable modification, have gradually become promising substitutes for bare nZVI.
Herein, these modified materials are classified into three types, namely the supported, bimetallic, and the surface-modification system, especially emphasizing their advantages as compared with bare nZVI and revealing its promotion mechanism and factors affecting nitrate reduction energy efficiency. Finally, the existing problems to be addressed are identified, and future objectives and research areas worthy of exploration in the field of nZVI-based remediation technology are proposed.

Key words: zero-valent iron chemical reduction nitrate N₂ selectivity functional material

出版日期: 2023-02-25 发布日期: 2023-03-02

ZTFLH:

TB39

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978110);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划面上项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0260);重庆市教委科研项目(KJQN201900837)

通讯作者: * 吕晓书,重庆工商大学副研究员。2009年毕业于中国石油大学(华东),获得工学学士学位,2015年毕业于浙江大学环境与资源学院环境工程专业,获得工学博士学位,2013—2014年在美国布朗大学工程系进行联合培养。主要从事环境科学和工程相关的科研工作,特别是纳米材料的设计制备及其在环境污染去除等领域的应用。先后主持国家自然科学基金项目2项、重庆市自然科学基金2项、重庆市教委科技研究项目2项,以及校内开放平台项目等多项科研项目。已在Environmental Science & Technology、 Journal of Hazardous Materials、Environmental Science: Nano、Nanoscale、Journal of Colloid and Interface Science、Chemosphere和Chemical Engineering Journal等TOP期刊上发表SCI论文30余篇,同时获国家发明专利授权3项。lyuxiaoshu@zju.edu.cn

引用本文:

吕晓书, 王霞玲, 蒋光明, 熊昆, 汪小莉, 张贤明. 纳米零价铁基材料去除水中硝酸盐污染的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(4): 21010052-10.
LYU Xiaoshu, WANG Xialing, JIANG Guangming, XIONG Kun, WANG Xiaoli, ZHANG Xianming. Review of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron-based Materials and Their Application in the Removal of Aqueous Nitrate Pollution. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(4): 21010052-10.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21010052 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I4/21010052

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