Research Progress of Spiropyrans Stimuli-responsive Chromotropic Polymers
BAO Yan1,2,*, HAN Pei1,2, ZHANG Wenbo3,*, LIU Feng4, GAO Lu1,2, MA Jianzhong1
1 College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China 2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China 3 Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China 4 Hangzhou Palmland Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China
Abstract: Spiropyrane, a class of compounds, displays diverse properties in response to a range of external stimuli encompassing physical, chemical, and biological factors. These stimuli induce changes in the structure, shape, and properties of spiropyran compounds. Within the spiropyran category, two isomers exist, namely a closed-loop spiropyran structure (SP) and an open-loop paroxycyanine structure (MC). Due to their uncomplicated structure, facile modification, and responsiveness to different stimuli, spiropyran compounds find extensive utility in the fabrication of stimuli-responsive polymers and chemical sensors. These versatile polymers and sensors have applications in various domains including construction, color-changing textiles, optical security, and ion detection. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the synthesis pathways employed for spiropyran compounds. The traditional three-step synthesis, one-pot synthesis, as well as newer techniques such as ultrasonic and microwave synthesis, are discussed. Furthermore, the paper delves into an examination of the photochromic, mechanochromic, solvatochromic, acidochromic, pressure chromism, and thermochromism exhibited by spiropyran polymers. The mechanism underlying these phenomena, factors influencing their manifestation, and practical applications are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on the potential of spiropyran in the design and development of novel stimuli-response materials and chemical sensors.
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