铝/镁异质金属搅拌摩擦焊技术研究进展

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (z2): 346-352

金属与金属基复合材料

铝/镁异质金属搅拌摩擦焊技术研究进展

郑洋^1,2, 宿振宇¹, 张璇¹

1 天津工业大学机械工程学院,天津 300387
2 天津市现代化机电装备技术重点实验室,天津 300387

Research Progress on Aluminum/Magnesium Dissimilar Joints Prepared by Friction Stir Welding

ZHENG Yang^1,2, SU Zhenyu¹, ZHANG Xuan¹

1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
2 Tianjin Area Major Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology, Tianjin 300387, China

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摘要汽车轻量化是实现燃油汽车节能减排、新能源汽车增程降耗的有效手段,已成为汽车工业可持续发展的必经之路。多材料混合车身在兼顾安全与成本的基础上,通过轻质材料和先进制造工艺的合理使用来降低车重,是目前汽车轻量化的主流研究方向之一。作为铝、镁资源大国,发展铝-镁混合车身结构及相应的连接技术是符合我国国情的汽车轻量化解决路径。然而,氩弧焊、电阻焊、高能束焊等熔焊技术难以制备高质量铝/镁异质接头,液态焊材剧烈反应在连接界面处形成的粗大晶粒和Al-Mg金属间化合物极易造成接头发生组织恶化、性能下降等问题。搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding, FSW)是一种新型固相焊接技术,其通过搅拌头产生的摩擦热促进金属材料的塑性变形以提高其互相混合程度,从而实现焊材的连接,在铝、镁异种合金的连接方面具有广阔的应用前景,被誉为“焊接史上的第二次革命”。本文从接头成形过程与微观组织、焊接工艺对接头性能的影响、接头性能的改善方法三个方面总结了铝/镁异种合金FSW技术的研究进展,针对搅拌头结构优化、超声振动辅助FSW、添加中间层或钎料、复合焊接技术等接头性能改善的最新研究结果,展望了常规和改型FSW技术未来的重点研究方向,旨在为铝、镁异种合金的连接及高质量铝/镁异质接头的设计与制备提供参考。

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	郑洋
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关键词: 汽车轻量化铝/镁异质接头搅拌摩擦焊接头组织结构接头性能

Abstract: Vehicle lightweight is an effective method to realize energy saving and emission reduction for fuel vehicles as well as range extension and electricity economization for new energy vehicles, which has become the only route for the sustainable development of automobile industry. Multi-material hybrid body can reduce the vehicle weight via reasonable selection of lightweight materials and advanced manufacturing technologies based on the safety and cost requirements, which is one of the main research directions of automotive lightweight. As a large country abundant with aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) resources, the development of Al-Mg hybrid body structure and corresponding joining technology is in line with our national conditions in finding the solution ways for vehicle lightweight. However, the traditional fusion welding (including argo-narc welding, electric resistance welding, and high energy beam welding) is difficult to prepare high-quality Al/Mg dissimilar joints. The coarse grains and Al-Mg intermetallic compounds formed at the joint interface due to the violate reaction between liquid welding materials is easy to cause the deterioration in joint microstructure and joint properties. As a newly developed solid-phase welding technique, friction stir welding (FSW) can facilitate the plastic deformation and interlocking degree of welding materials under the frictional heat generated by the FSW tool, so as to join the welding materials. FSW exhibits great application potential in joining the dissimilar metals between Al alloys and Mg alloys, and it is known as the second revolution in the welding history. In this paper, the research progress of Al/Mg dissimilar joints prepared by FSW is summarized from three aspects: joints forming process and microstructure, the effects of welding processes on joint properties, the improvement methods of joint properties. In view of the latest research results of joint performance improvement, such as structural optimization of FSW tool, ultrasonic vibration assisted FSW, addition of intermediate layer or brazing filler materials, composite welding technology, the key research directions of conventional and modified FSW technology in the future are prospected. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the joining Al and Mg dissimilar alloys along with the design and preparation of high-quality Al/Mg dissimilar joints.

Key words: vehicle lightweight Al/Mg dissimilar joints friction stir welding joint microstructure joint properties

发布日期: 2021-12-09

ZTFLH:

TG457.1

基金资助: 天津市自然科学基金青年项目(19JCQNJC02800)

通讯作者: zhengyang@tiangong.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑洋,天津工业大学机械工程学院讲师、硕士研究生导师。2016年7月博士毕业于北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,2016—2017年就职于中国石油天然气管道局,2017-2019年在河北工业大学机械工程学院进行博士后研究工作,2019年11月入职天津工业大学机械工程学院。主持天津市自然科学基金青年项目、河北省高层次人才资助项目;参研国家重点研发计划“战略性国际科技创新合作”重点专项。入选天津市高校青年后备人才培养计划。主要从事材料连接技术、材料表面改性技术的研究工作。近年来,在Corrosion Science, Materials Science and Engineering C, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, Applied Surface Science, Materials等期刊上发表SCI文章10余篇。

引用本文:

郑洋, 宿振宇, 张璇. 铝/镁异质金属搅拌摩擦焊技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(z2): 346-352.
ZHENG Yang, SU Zhenyu, ZHANG Xuan. Research Progress on Aluminum/Magnesium Dissimilar Joints Prepared by Friction Stir Welding. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(z2): 346-352.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/ 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/Iz2/346

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