Progress in Electrode materials for Refractory Wastewater Treatment by Electro-catalytic Oxidation
ZHAO Yuanyuan1,2, WANG Dejun1,2, ZHAO Chaocheng1,2
1 College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206
Abstract: With the rapid development of petrochemical, pharmaceutical and other industries, the refractory pollutants in industrial wastewater is increasing constantly. Unfortunately, conventional water treatment can no longer achieve satisfactory performance. The emerging technology of electro-catalytic oxidation mainly utilize hydroxyl radicals to degrade pollutant, showing the advantages of strong oxidation ability, no need to add chemical agents, no secondary pollution, simple operation of electro-catalytic oxidation process, and mild treatment condition, which exhibits great potential in treatment of refractory wastewater. Anode plays a dominant role in electro-catalytic oxidation technology, accordingly, anode materials have become the focus of research in this area. Generally, anode materials are required to have high oxygen evolution potential, high electro-catalytic activity, corrosion resistance, favorable stability and low price. Currently, the commonly used anode materials are Ti-based mental oxide anode and boron doped diamond. Whereas, these materials suffer from short service life and high production cost. Fortunately, the above problems can be avoided by preparing composite metal oxide anode through modification. Common modification methods include doping mental ion, introducing interlayer, doping nanoparticle, controlling the micromorphology of electrode materials. The modification contributes to improving the electro-catalytic activity, conductivity, stability of anode materials, increasing the reaction area of the electrode and prolong the electrode life. As a result, the preparation of composite metal oxide anode has been pay more attention in anode materials research. A three-dimensional electrode system can be constructed by introducing a particle electrode on the basis of two-dimensional electrode system. Because particle electrode is polarized in electric field to form a micro-electrolytic cell, thus increase the effective reaction area, the three-dimensional electrode system presents larger surface ratio, higher electro-catalytic efficiency and lower energy consumption compared two-dimensional electrode system. Therefore, the development of high catalytic activity and high stability particle electrode has become a new research direction in the field of electro-catalytic oxidation. At present, The widely used particle electrodes include carbon materials (activated carbon, carbon aerogels, etc.), metal oxides (Al2O3, Fe3O4, etc.), ceramics and minerals. Based on the mechanism of electro-catalytic oxidation and the working principle of three dimensional electrodes, the electrode materials widely applied in electro-catalytic oxidation treatment of wastewater, including titanium based metal oxide anodes, and thin layer boron doped diamond electrodes are reviewed in this paper. The particle electrode used in the three-dimensional electrode system is emphatically introduced. Finally, the challenges and possible improvement of electrode material for their future application are proposed. It is worth mentioning that improving efficiency of electro-catalytic oxidation technology requires not only the improvement of electrode materials but also the optimization of reactor configuration, coupling with other technologies, thereby achieving extensive application of electro-catalytic oxidation technology.
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