Advances in Antireflection Coatings on Photovoltaic Glass
LIN Shenghua1,2, ZHANG Jing2, AI Ling2, LU Yuehui2, WANG Linjun1, SONG Weijie2,3
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 2 Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 3 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou 213164
Abstract: Typical commercial PV modules are composed of PV glass, EVA, solar cells, back reflectors, and so forth. Due to the interfacial reflection between PV glass and air, a portion of sunlight, around 4%, is reflected, which cannot take part in the optoelectronic conversion, resulting in a certain of light loss. Antireflection coatings (ARCs) can effectively suppress the loss caused by the interfacial reflection. To some extent, it is necessary to fabricate ARCs on the surface of PV glass in PV modules, which is of great significance for practice and economy. However, ARCs have to possess an improved transmittance and a good stability under harsh environments since the solar irradiance covers a broad spectral range and PV modules are applied outdoors. On the other hand, it is necessary that ARCs should be prepared in large-area and low-cost due to the demand from PV industry. In fact, fulfilling the aforementioned requests simultaneously is highly challenging. The refractive index of ARCs on PV glass should be low for impedance matching, which is lower than that of materials in nature. For achieving the low refractive index, a certain of porosity is introduced, but it conflicts with the demanding stability. It implied that the stability of ARCs under harsh environments is of great importance besides excellent optical properties. The studies on improvements in durability, mechanical strength, and multi-functiona-lities of ARCs, such as self-cleaning, anti-dust and humidity-resistant properties, have attracted much attention. Concerning the optical properties, the bio-inspiredgraded-refractive-index ARCs exhibited broadband and omnidirectional antireflection. In the PV industry, the sol-gel silica single-layered ARCs are usually applied considering optical properties, stability, and manufacturing cost. Compared with conventional porous silica ARCs, consisting of solid silica nanoparticles, novel mesoporous and hollow silica ARCs with meso-sized and closed pores respectively, posses better durability and mechanical strength while preserving good antireflection. Besides, for long-term application under various environments, many efforts have been made on multi-functional self-cleaning, anti-dust, and anti-soiling ARCs via chemical modification, though the simultaneous realization of excellent optical, mechanical, and long-term durability is highly challenging so far. This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to ARCs on PV glass, and provides an introduction on the concepts, fundamentals, and evaluation methods of ARCs in PV modules. We concentrate on the preparation of sol-gel silica single-layered ARCs that are usually applied in PV industry and provide the detailed descriptions on three kinds of silica ARCs with different pore structures. We point out the challenges that state-of-the-art ARCs face and provide a perspective for achieving novel ARCs with better antireflection, stability, and versatile surface functionalities.
林昇华, 张景, 艾玲, 鲁越晖, 王林军, 宋伟杰. 光伏玻璃减反射膜的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(21): 3588-3595.
LIN Shenghua, ZHANG Jing, AI Ling, LU Yuehui, WANG Linjun, SONG Weijie. Advances in Antireflection Coatings on Photovoltaic Glass. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(21): 3588-3595.
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