基于磁巴克豪森原理的铁磁材料各向异性检测技术综述

doi:10.11896/cldb.201901022

材料导报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (1): 183-190 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.201901022

材料与可持续发展（二）——材料绿色制造与加工^*

基于磁巴克豪森原理的铁磁材料各向异性检测技术综述

康学良^1,2, 董世运², 汪宏斌¹, 门平², 徐滨士², 闫世兴²

1 上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海 200072
2 陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京 100072

Applying Magnetic Barkhausen Noise to the Detection of Material Anisotropy: a Technological Review

KANG Xueliang^1,2, DONG Shiyun^2,, WANG Hongbin¹, MEN Ping², XU Binshi², YAN Shixing²

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072
2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072

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摘要磁巴克豪森噪声是由铁磁材料内部组织结构与磁畴的相互作用产生的一种微观电磁现象,是连接材料微观组织和宏观性能的重要桥梁,通过检测和分析磁巴克豪森噪声信号能够间接反映材料的组织结构状态。基于此原理,磁巴克豪森噪声技术发展成为一种广泛应用的无损检测方法。
常规材料大多是各向同性的,意味着沿材料不同取向获得的磁巴克豪森噪声信号理论上是相同的,磁巴克豪森噪声技术可用于检测各向同性材料的硬度、弹性模量、晶粒尺寸、相含量、位错密度和渗碳层深度等。而在实际检测时,磁巴克豪森信号通常是各向异性的,造成这种现象的因素可以分为外部因素(包括外力和外磁场)和内部因素(包括晶胞参数、晶粒取向、残余应力等)。当建立外力和磁巴克豪森噪声信号的关系后,便可以通过磁巴克豪森噪声信号间接检测材料的受力状态,这在实际工程应用中是非常有价值的。通过建立内部因素和磁巴克豪森噪声信号的关系,则能够利用磁巴克豪森噪声技术检测材料的微观组织结构,对于材料的检测和制造工艺技术的反馈都具有重要意义。因此,磁巴克豪森噪声各向异性检测技术,无论是在工程应用领域还是在科研领域都具有重要价值。
本文介绍了磁巴克豪森各向异性检测技术的仪器及工作原理、磁巴克豪森噪声的理论基础和分析方法,综述了借助磁巴克豪森噪声各向异性检测技术来研究材料受到的外力、外磁场和材料织构的相关进展;同时探讨了该技术在激光增材制造和激光再制造这两个热点领域中的应用潜力。

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关键词: 磁巴克豪森噪声各向异性内应力组织物理性能激光增材制造

Abstract: Magnetic Barkhausen noise, a microscopic electromagnetic phenomenon generated by the interaction between ferromagnetic material internal structure and magnetic domain is regarded as an important bridge between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of materials. By detecting and analyzing the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, the structure of the material can be determined indirectly. Based on this principle, magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis has been developed into a widely applied nondestructive testing method.
The conventional material is mostly isotropic, that means the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal shall maintain unvarying along the different orientation of the material. Magnetic Barkhausen noise technique can be used to detect hardness, elastic modulus, grain size, phase content, dislocation density and depth of carburized layer, etc. But we may also obtain anisotropic magnetic Barkhausen signals in practical detection, which can be ascribed to a variety of factors, such as the applied external forces and magnetic field (the external factors), and crystal cell para-meters, grain orientation, residual stress, etc. (the internal factors). When the relationship between the external force and the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is established, the state of the material can be determined through the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, which is very valuable in practical engineering applications. By establishing the relationship between the internal factors and the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, researchers can analyzing the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal so as to determine the microstructural state of the material, which is of great significance for the material detection. Therefore, magnetic Barkhausen noise anisotropy detection technology is of great value both in engineering application and in scientific research.
This paper introduces the apparatus and corresponding working principles of magnetic Barkhausen anisotropy detection technology, the theore-tical basis and analysis method of magnetic Barkhausen noise. It also summarizes the global typical research efforts which apply magnetic Barkhausen noise anisotropy technic to determining external force or external magnetic field which exert on material, and to study material texture. In addition, we provide a critical discussion upon the application potential of this technology in two fields of great focus, i.e. laser additive manufacturing and laser remanufacturing.

Key words: magnetic Barkhausen noise anisotropy internal stress microstructure physical property laser additive manufacturing

出版日期: 2019-01-10 发布日期: 2019-01-24

ZTFLH:	TG115.27
	TH878
	TB31

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFB1100205)

通讯作者: 董世运,在1995年、1997年和2000年于哈尔滨工业大学分别获得学士学位、硕士学位和博士学位,现为陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室研究员,主要研究方向为表面工程、激光制造与再制造及其质量无损检测评价等,syd422@sohu.com。

作者简介: 康学良,2012年于太原理工大学获得学士学位,2016年于内蒙古科技大学获得硕士学位,现为上海大学材料科学与工程学院博士研究生,主要研究方向为电磁无损检测技术,材料力学性能无损检测与评价,激光增材制造技术。

引用本文:

康学良, 董世运, 汪宏斌, 门平, 徐滨士, 闫世兴. 基于磁巴克豪森原理的铁磁材料各向异性检测技术综述[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(1): 183-190.
KANG Xueliang, DONG Shiyun, WANG Hongbin, MEN Ping, XU Binshi, YAN Shixing. Applying Magnetic Barkhausen Noise to the Detection of Material Anisotropy: a Technological Review. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(1): 183-190.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.201901022 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2019/V33/I1/183

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