Review on Preparation and Applications of Porous Metal Materials
ZHENG Min1, YANG Jin2, ZHANG Hua1,3,*
1 School of Mechatronics Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China 2 School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China 3 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
Abstract: As a new type of light-weight metallic material, porous metals have the advantages of both structural and functional materials, such as low bulk density, large specific surface area, high specific strength, good energy absorption, strong heat transfer and heat dissipation. Comparing to traditional dense metals, those advantages have made the porous metallic materials attract more attention and expand more applications. This review briefly describes the preparation methods and forming mechanism of several commonly used porous metallic materials, including cas-ting method, sintering method, deposition method, dealloying method and high-energy-beam rapid prototyping method, etc., and expounds the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of various preparation processes. The dealloying method with high preparation efficiency and the high-energy-beam rapid prototyping method with high material utilization, strong adaptability and near-net prototyping are detailed. In addition, the applications of porous metals in structural and functional fields are reviewed, including industrial structure, biomedicine, filtration, catalysis, electrode materials, sound absorption and noise reduction as well as heat exchange. Finally, the existing problems in the preparation of porous metallic materials are pointed out and its future development trend is prospected.
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2022, Vol. 36 
