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材料导报  2021, Vol. 35 Issue (1): 1011-1022    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19120158
  材料与可持续发展( 四) ———材料再制造与废弃物料资源化利用? |
废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料回收技术研究进展
田庆华1,2,3, 邹艾玲1,2,3, 童汇1,4,5, 喻万景1, 张佳峰1, 郭学益1,2,3
1 中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙 410083
2 有色金属资源循环利用湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410083
3 有色金属资源循环利用湖南省工程研究中心,长沙 410083
4 难冶有色金属资源高效利用国家工程实验室,长沙 410083
5 先进电池材料教育部工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410083
Research Progress on Recycling Technology of Cathode Materials for Spent Ternary Lithium-ion Batteries
TIAN Qinghua1,2,3, ZOU Ailing1,2,3, TONG Hui1,4,5, YU Wanjing1, ZHANG Jiafeng1, GUO Xueyi1,2,3
1 School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083, China
3 Hunan Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083, China
4 National Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
5 Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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摘要 三元锂离子电池因其性能优越,在国内外便携式电子设备和新能源汽车中得到广泛应用。随着对锂离子电池需求量的不断增大,大量的锂离子电池将迎来“退役”高峰期。为实现有价金属资源的循环利用,降低固体废物处理对环境的影响,废旧锂离子电池的回收利用受到了广泛的关注。
   通过对三元锂离子电池进行资源化回收利用,可以获得有价金属或直接制备电池材料。为了提高物料的有效回收率,通常采用预处理的方法来分离集流体和正极活性材料,实现物料的有效分离及进一步的后处理。然后,采用冶金处理的方法从正极活性材料中提取金属和分离杂质,其包括高温冶金和湿法冶金处理工艺。最后,结合材料合成的方法进一步制备得到电池材料或化合物。在现阶段的研究中,高温冶金过程面临着物料损耗大、能耗高、环境不友好等问题;湿法冶金过程存在酸耗大、除杂效率低、工艺流程长等问题。正极材料的再生过程、回收成本以及再合成材料的性能是限制其应用的重要因素。
   本文主要介绍了废旧三元锂离子电池回收过程及方法,包括预处理、高温冶金、湿法冶金、正极材料再生等,分析比较了其存在的主要问题,为废旧三元锂离子电池的资源化技术发展提供参考。最后,提出了废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料的回收应向绿色环保、短流程和低能耗的方向发展。
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田庆华
邹艾玲
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喻万景
张佳峰
郭学益
关键词:  三元正极材料  预处理  高温冶金  浸出  分离  再合成    
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles at home and abroad due to superior performance. With the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries, a large number of lithium-ion batteries will inevitably be retired in the near future. In order to realize the recycling of valuable metal resources and reduce potential environmental impacts of solid waste disposal, a great deal of attention has been paid to the deve-lopment of an efficient process for recycling spent ternary lithium-ion batteries.
Valuable metals or battery materials can be obtained by recycling ternary lithium-ion batteries. In order to improve the recovery rate of materials, a pretreatment method is usually used to separate the current collectors and the cathode materials to achieve effective separation of materials and the further post-processing. Then, metallurgical treatment is used to extract metals and separate impurities from the cathode materials, which includes high temperature metallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatment processes. Finally, battery materials or compounds are further prepared by using the synthesis methods of materials. At the current stage of research, high-temperature metallurgical processes have the problems such as large material loss, high energy consumption, and unfriendly environment; hydrometallurgical processes have the problems such as large acid consumption, low impurity removal efficiency, and long process flows. The regeneration process of cathode materials, the cost of recycling, and the performances of resynthesized materials are the important factors that limit the application.
In this paper, we review the recycling technologies of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries, including pretreatment, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and cathode material regeneration. We compare the merit and demerit of the above methods, providing references for the development of cathode material recovery technologies in the future and putting forward the prospects and direction of the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.
Key words:  ternary cathode material    pretreatment    pyrometallurgy    leaching process    separation    regeneration
               出版日期:  2021-01-10      发布日期:  2021-01-19
ZTFLH:  X7  
基金资助: 国家优秀青年科学基金(51922108);国家自然科学基金(51502350);湖南省杰出青年科学基金(2019JJ20031)
作者简介:  田庆华,中南大学教授,博士研究生导师。国家优秀青年基金、湖南省杰出青年基金获得者,入选“湖湘青年英才”、“湖湘青年科技创新人才”、湖南省青年骨干教师、中南大学“升华育英人才”等人才计划。出版学术专著、科普读物各1部,参编论著2部,申请专利78项,获得授权发明专利50项,发表论文100余篇,SCI、EI收录96篇次,主持国家国际科技合作专项、国家自然科学基金面上项目/青年基金、湖南省重点研发计划、湖南省自然科学基金、湖南省环保科技专项及企业科技攻关项目15项,参与国家自然科学基金重点项目、省市重点科技计划及企业攻关课题18项,获国家科技进步二等奖2项,省部级科技进步一等奖5项。主要研究方向为难处理有色金属资源高效分离与提取、有色金属再生资源循环利用、材料制备与应用。
童汇,中南大学副教授,硕士研究生导师。日本九州大学博士毕业,美国纽约大学博士后;纽约科学院会员,中国有色金属学会会员,宁乡市新材料制造产业专家委员会委员,美国牙科研究协会会员等。主要研究方向为新能源电池材料、废旧电池回收及金属资源综合利用和无机功能材料。主持多项国家自然科学基金等项目,在Nano Energy、Journal of Materials Chemistry A、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces等国际重要期刊上发表SCI学术论文40余篇,并作为多种国际学术期刊的审稿人。
郭学益,中南大学副校长,教授,博士研究生导师。教育部“长江学者”特聘教授,国务院政府特殊津贴获得者, 国务院学科评议组成员,国家“百千万人才工程” 入选者,国家有突出贡献的中青年专家。先后主持完成包括国家及省部科技计划项目、国家自然科学面上/重点基金、企业横向合作等数十项课题研究。主要研究方向: 资源循环利用及环境材料、有色金属复杂资源高效提取,现已出版专著4部,发表论文200余篇,其中120余篇次被SCI、EI、ISTP检索;共申请国家专利50余项,其中授权发明专利23项、实用新型专利11项;获国家科技进步奖2项,省部级科技进步奖9项。
引用本文:    
田庆华, 邹艾玲, 童汇, 喻万景, 张佳峰, 郭学益. 废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料回收技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(1): 1011-1022.
TIAN Qinghua, ZOU Ailing, TONG Hui, YU Wanjing, ZHANG Jiafeng, GUO Xueyi. Research Progress on Recycling Technology of Cathode Materials for Spent Ternary Lithium-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(1): 1011-1022.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.19120158  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I1/1011
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