Abstract: Thermosensitive materials are recognized as one of the most significant smart materials at present. Thermosensitive homopolymers show superior environmental sensitivity, nevertheless they suffer from poor mechanical properties, which cannot meet the applied requirements. Furthermore, it is difficult to alter the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of some thermosensitive polymers, which blocks their widespread application. The combination or graft copolymerization of the thermosensitive materials with other substrates will greatly contribute to the properties of thermosensitive polymer. Meanwhile, the critical temperature of some thermosensitive materials can be adjusted by changing the material composition or ratio, thus their application field can be expanded. The majority of the raw materials for preparing the thermosensitive materials are derived from non-renewable petroleum resources. The growing deficits of petroleum resources has given impetus to seek other alternative resources. Biomass, as a renewable resource, is widely distributed in nature, showing the advantages of abundant reserves and sustainable utilization. Especially, their active functional groups, including hydroxyl, amine, ether and carboxyl groups, can provide a variety of active sites, which is an ideal substrate for preparing thermosensitive materials by graft copolymerization with thermosensitive monomers. Biomass materials that have been successfully applied in biomass thermo-sensitive smart materials include cellulose, cellulose ether, hemicellulose, lignin, chitosan, etc. However, the graft copolymerization method for preparing biomass-based temperature-sensitive smart materials is short of diversity. The temperature-sensitive materials prepared by conventional free radical copolymerization bear the narrow temperature response range, large generation of homopolymers difficult to separate, and single morphology of mate-rial. The approach of graft copolymerization of biomass thermosensitive materials has developed from common free radical polymerization by initiators to highly controllable free radical polymerization for photoinitiated free radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), single electron transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET-LRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). A variety of thermosensitive monomers can be selected, among them, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) received most research attentions. It possesses a clear critical solution temperature, a close LCST with human body temperature. The thermosensitive membranes, thermo-sensitive hydrogels and thermo-sensitive microspheres prepared by NIPAM together with biomaterials exhibit extensive application in drug release, tissue engineering, industrial and agricultural, etc. In this article, we present a detailed overview of the approaches for preparing temperature sensitive materials by biomass macromolecules, summarize the character of the grafting copolymerization, and introduce the temperature-sensitive substances involved in the preparation of thermo-sensitive materials, mechanism of temperature response and the application of biomass thermosensitive materials. Finally, we point out the difficulties existing in the preparation and application of biomass thermosensitive smart materials, and the future development of technology.
作者简介: 刘德乡,2017年6月毕业于齐鲁工业大学,获得工学学士学位。现为中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在吴志平教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为木质素基温敏材料。吴志平,中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院教授、硕士研究生导师。1993年6月本科毕业于中南林学院林产化工专业,2006年12月在中南大学应用化学专业取得博士学位,主要从事生物质材料和精细化学品的研究工作。近年来,以第一作者和通讯作者发表论文30余篇,包括 Journal of Applied Polymer Science、 Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology、 Journal of Nanomaterials、 Biomaterials、《中国塑料》等。授权国家发明专利5项。wuzhiping02@163.com
引用本文:
刘德乡, 刘武, 叶志会, 吴志平. 生物质基温敏智能材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(19): 3336-3346.
LIU Dexiang, LIU Wu, YE Zhihui, WU Zhiping. A Survey on the Study of Biomass-based Thermosensitive Smart Materials. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(19): 3336-3346.
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