Abstract: With the development of electrified railway, space flight and aviation, military equipment and other fields, there is an urgent need for the research of current-carrying friction and wear theory and key technologies. For example, the maximum running speeds of the domestic high-speed railway “China Railway High-speed” and “Fuxing bullet trains” have exceeded 400 km/h, but a large increase in the speed will lead to a doubling of the current-carrying capacity of the pantograph-catenary system and an increase in the contact loss rate, thus seriously affecting the life of the pantograph-catenary system. As a new concept weapon, the electromagnetic orbital gun is a hotspot in global military research, and high-speed planing and high speed friction and wear, transition and arc ablation will also occur under high speed and high current carrying working conditions. Therefore, a thorough and systematic study of current-carrying tribology is conducive to solving practical problems, especially of great significance for the development of new wear-resistant and ablative materials. Current-carrying friction and wear, as a result of the mutual coupling between electrical contact system and friction system, was studied by foreign scholars as early as the 1920s. In the initial experiments, copper or copper alloys were used as friction auxiliary materials. It is one of the typical work of current-carrying friction and wear research to explore the influence of current, load, sliding speed and arc on current-carrying friction and wear performance. At present, the research content has gradually developed from the traditional friction coefficient, wear rate and surface morphology to the contact resistance change, the influence of surface temperature rise, the quantitative analysis of arc erosion and so on. In recent years, based on the accumulation of a large number of experimental data on the previous stage, researchers have found that the surface temperature rise and wear extent of current-carrying friction auxiliary materials are affected by current, load and sliding speed, and there is a functional relationship between them. Scholars at home and abroad have successfully used finite element analysis software such as ANSYS and COMSOL to simulate and predict the temperature field of pantograph-catenary system and electromagnetic gun track, effectively realizing the coupling of friction heat, Joule heat and arc heat, providing a scientific basis for prolonging the service life of equipment and solving the practical problems. At the same time, the wear extent prediction model is established by mathematical statistics method, and the law of current-carrying friction and wear can be studied more systematically by the prediction function. With the enrichment of research methods, researchers began to study the mechanism of current-carrying friction and wear in depth by combining the morphological composition of surface, subsurface and abrasive dust. On this basis, carbon-based composites and gradient self-lubricating materials were developed to meet the needs of current-carrying friction wor-king conditions. This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of current-carrying friction and wear, expounds the influence of working parameters on current-carrying friction and wear performance, focuses on the analysis of arc generation mechanism and influencing factors in current-carrying friction and wear, summarizes the research results of simulation and prediction of temperature field and wear extent of current-carrying friction and wear, and the research progress of friction and wear mechanism, antifriction and arc suppression in current-carrying friction is summarized. Finally, the exis-ting problems in current-carrying friction research are sorted out and the improvement direction is put forward.
惠阳, 刘贵民, 闫涛, 杜林飞, 周雳. 载流摩擦磨损研究现状及展望[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(13): 2272-2280.
HUI Yang, LIU Guimin, YAN Tao, DU Linfei, ZHOU Li. Research Status and Prospect of Current-carrying Friction and Wear. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(13): 2272-2280.
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2019, Vol. 33 
