Research Progress of Cu2ZnSnS4 Prepared by Microwave Method
SHEN Tao1, CHAI Xianhua2, SUN Shuhong2, ZHU Yan2
1 Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093 2 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093
Abstract: Although second-generation thin-film solar energy represented by copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) has been successfully commercialized.Moreover, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) with CIGS as the absorption layer has exceeded 23%,but, due to the scarcity of the In element, the Cd element is highly toxic, which limits its mass production. Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS is a kind of direct band gap semiconductor. Because of its suitable band gap width, high light absorption coefficient, non-toxic components and abundant reserves, it is the most potential absorbing layer material in solar cells. At present, PCE with CZTS as the absorption layer has exceeded 12%, and this efficiency is close to the current commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Nowadays, the main preparation method of CZTS powder is a solution reaction represented by solvothermal method, one-pot method and hot injection method. Because these methods require expensive equipment, complicated operation sequence, long reaction time, and easy generation of miscellaneous phases, the production efficiency is seriously restricted. Microwave heating is one of the solution chemical reaction methods, but this method has attracted extensive attention in the field of solar cell material preparation in recent years due to its advantages of fast reaction speed, simple operation, high efficiency, uniform heating, and reduced thermal gradient. The CZTS film prepared by microwave heating has two methods of one-step film formation and two-step film formation. The two-step film formation method refers to first synthesizing the powder of CTZS by microwave, and then dispersing the powder and then obtaining the film by spin coating or other methods. However, CZTS belongs to the quaternary compound, and the small deviation of the stoichiometric ratio makes it easy to produce other heterophases. Therefore, how to reduce and control the formation of the heterophase, and prepare the CZTS nanocrystals with pure phase and controllable morphology, and its application to thin film solar cells is crucial. In recent years, in addition to studying the impact of CZTS on device performance, researchers have been trying to select suitable organic solvents, raw material ratios, reaction times, reaction temperatures and surfactants, and have obtained many excellent results. In the full use of the microwave method, the reaction speed is fast, the operation is simple, the efficiency is high, and the heating uniformity is advantageous, and the device efficiency is greatly improved. At present, the conversion efficiency of solar cells prepared by microwave synthesis of CZTS as the absorption layer material of thin film solar cells has rapidly increased from the initial 0.25% to 4.92%. In this paper, the main methods of preparing CZTS powder and CZTS film by microwave method in recent years are reviewed. The effects of raw material ratio, solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time and surfactant on the morphology, structure and optical properties of the product are summarized. The development prospect of CZTS preparation is prospected, in order to provide reference for the preparation of CZTS-based solar cells with higher conversion efficiency.
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2019, Vol. 33 
