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材料导报  2025, Vol. 39 Issue (18): 24090084-9    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24090084
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
气凝胶吸波材料的研究进展
王伟超, 汪刘应*, 刘顾*, 黄洁, 葛超群
火箭军工程大学智剑实验室,西安 710025
Research Progress of Aerogel Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials
WANG Weichao, WANG Liuying*, LIU Gu*, HUANG Jie, GE Chaoqun
Zhijian Laboratory, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an 710025, China
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摘要 吸波材料目前在多个领域发挥着重要作用,然而轻量化和宽频吸收仍然是吸波材料研究中的重点和难点。气凝胶所具有的轻质、隔热、耐高温等固有特性,为基于气凝胶的吸波材料提供了多功能、多环境应用的可能性,有望成为新一代理想吸波材料。本文阐述了气凝胶材料的吸波机制,并系统介绍了碳基、陶瓷基、聚合物基气凝胶吸波材料的特点与发展,分析了基于结构调控、复合与改性、构筑超结构和多功能化的气凝胶吸波材料的优化方法。最后,总结了气凝胶吸波材料所面临的挑战与发展方向,以期为气凝胶吸波材料的研究与实际应用提供参考。
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王伟超
汪刘应
刘顾
黄洁
葛超群
关键词:  气凝胶  多孔材料  吸波材料  多功能    
Abstract: Electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials currently play an important role in various fields. However, lightweighting and wideband absorption remain the focuses and challenges of EWA materials research. Aerogels intrinsic properties, such as being lightweight, thermally insulating, and heat-resistant, offer extensive possibilities for multifunctional and diverse environmental applications. This positions them as a highly promising contender for the forthcoming generation of EWA materials. This article elucidates the absorption mechanism of aerogel materials and provides a systematic introduction to the characteristics and development of carbon-based, ceramic-based, and polymer-based aerogel microwave absorbing materials. The optimization approaches for aerogel absorbers are analyzed, focusing on structural control, composite and modification, construction of metastructures, as well as multifunctionalization. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of aerogel EWA materials are summarized, aiming to provide reference for their study and practical application.
Key words:  aerogel    porous material    electromagnetic wave absorbing material    multifunction
出版日期:  2025-09-25      发布日期:  2025-09-11
ZTFLH:  TB34  
基金资助: 中国博士后科学基金(2022M723884);陕西省高层次人才专项(2020-44);陕西高校青年创新团队
通讯作者:  *汪刘应,火箭军工程大学智剑实验室教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事特种功能材料与涂层技术研究。lywangxa@163.com;
刘顾,火箭军工程大学智能实验室教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事电磁波吸收材料、高温涂层技术以及特种功能材料研究。liugu5032@163.com   
作者简介:  王伟超,火箭军工程大学智剑实验室博士研究生。目前主要研究领域为轻质耐高温电磁功能材料设计与制备。
引用本文:    
王伟超, 汪刘应, 刘顾, 黄洁, 葛超群. 气凝胶吸波材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(18): 24090084-9.
WANG Weichao, WANG Liuying, LIU Gu, HUANG Jie, GE Chaoqun. Research Progress of Aerogel Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(18): 24090084-9.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24090084  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I18/24090084
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