Abstract: The efficiency and performance of silica (SiO2) aerogel prepared by sol-gel method under atmospheric pressure are insufficient, which limits its industrial scale application. In this work, sepiolite nanofibers were used as enhancement, tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as silicon source precursor, and trimethylchlorosilane was used as modifier. Sepiolite fiber/silica aerogel bulk materials were prepared by sol-gel method and atmospheric drying. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and fire safety properties were tested, and the pore structure, infrared spectrum and micro-morphology were analyzed and characterized. The fiber skeleton of sepiolite can inhibit the shrinkage and cracking of aerogel block. Fibers have heterogeneous nucleation in the sol formation stage, which refines the particles, increases the specific surface area of aerogels and changes the pore structure. The introduction of fiber improves the mechanical properties, high temperature and ablation stability and fire safety properties, and reduces the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of mass sepiolite fiber/silica aerogel can reach 0.012 8 W/(m·K), the compressive strength is 1.20 MPa, the flame retardancy is V-0, the shape remains stable after ablation at 1 300 ℃, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.
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2024, Vol. 38 
