Life Cycle Assessment of the Manufacturing Process of High Energy Density 18650-type Lithium-ion Batteries
ZHENG Yongquan1, LIU Yaning1, WANG Guoguang2, ZHANG Wenkui1, YAN Yini1, DONG Jiangqun2, BAO Daxin2, XIA Yang1,*
1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China 2 Hengdian Group DMEGC Magnetics Co., Ltd., Dongyang 322118, Zhejiang, China
摘要 锂离子电池具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、性价比高、环境影响小等优点,在消费类电子产品、规模化储能及新能源电动汽车等领域得到广泛应用,是实现我国“双碳”战略的重要技术支撑。本文介绍了高能量密度18650型锂离子电池生产制造过程,采用Simapro软件对某企业生产的18650型锂离子电池产品进行了生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment,LCA)。研究结果表明,生产容量为1 kW·h的18650型锂离子电池的碳足迹为48.3 kg CO2 eq,环境指标分数为12.7 Pt;生产过程中产生的致癌物和可吸入无机物等对人类健康存在一定的潜在危害性;正极制备工艺过程和工业用电是导致碳排放和影响环境的主要环节;正极生产过程的正极材料(如Li(Ni0.83Co0.06Mn0.11)O2)和负极生产过程所用的电解铜箔集流体与石墨负极材料,以及注液过程所用的六氟磷酸锂电解液等材料的上游生产过程均是影响环境的主体因素。从全局和长远角度考虑,锂离子电池生产制造过程需进一步提高生产效率、节约能源和资源、减少污染物排放,使其与环境相互协调,达到可持续发展的目标。
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, remarkable cost effectivity and low environmental impact are widely applied in the fields of consumer electronics, large-scale energy storage and new energy electric vehicles, etc., which play important roles as a sort of clean energy to achieve the Carbon-peaking and Carbon-neutrality strategic goals. In this work, the manufacturing process of high energy density lithium-ion battery was briefly introduced for the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the 18650-type lithium-ion battery products by Simapro software. The LCA results indicate that the carbon footprint of a 18650-type lithium-ion battery with a production capacity of 1 kW·h is 48.3 kg CO2 eq, and the corresponding eco-indicator point is 12.7 Pt. The carcinogens and respirable inorganic substances produced in the production process will be hazardous to human health to a certain extent. The cathode preparation process and industrial electricity consumption are the main factors that lead to carbon emissions and affect the environment. The material's upstream production processes, such as the fabrication processes of layered oxide cathode materials (e.g. Li(Ni0.83Co0.06Mn0.11)O2), electrolytic copper foil collector and graphite anode materials, as well as lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte, are the main factors influencing the environment. From a comprehensive perspective, the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries needs to improve production efficiency further, save energy and resources, and reduce pollutant emissions, so as to coordinate with the environment and achieve the goal of sustainable development.
郑永泉, 刘亚宁, 王国光, 张文魁, 颜旖旎, 董江群, 包大新, 夏阳. 高能量密度18650型锂离子电池制造生命周期评价[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(21): 23030169-7.
ZHENG Yongquan, LIU Yaning, WANG Guoguang, ZHANG Wenkui, YAN Yini, DONG Jiangqun, BAO Daxin, XIA Yang. Life Cycle Assessment of the Manufacturing Process of High Energy Density 18650-type Lithium-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(21): 23030169-7.
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2024, Vol. 38 
