Research Progress of the Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Solidification Process of Alloys
ZHANG Lei1,2, XING Zhiguo2, WANG Haidou2,3, GUO Weiling2, LI Guolu1,*, HUANG Yanfei2,*, ZHANG Zhinan4
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China 2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Academy of Army Armored Force, Beijing 100072, China 3 National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Academy of Army Armored Force, Beijing 100072, China 4 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Abstract: Since the 1970s when magnetic field technologies were used in alloy solidification processes, several types of magnetic fields such as pulsed, steady, and rotating fields have been developed. Among them, the pulsed magnetic field has attracted considerable research attention owing to its high instantaneous field strength, non-contact nature, and ease of control. The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the solidification of the alloy is reflected mainly in the changes in grain morphology and grain refinement. The phase structure and composition of the alloy are changed. The macroscopic defects of the alloy improve after solidification. In the present work, the internal mechanism of the above phenomena has been explored. The forced convection induced by a pulsed magnetic field can continuously tear off the fine grains that cool and cause nucleation in the inner wall of the metal mold during solidification. The field transports the torn off grains to the interior of the melt zone, thus promoting grain refinement and inhibiting grain growth. At the same time, the pulsed magnetic field can reduce the nucleation barrier and improve the nucleation rate. On the one hand, the Joule heating effect caused by the pulsed magnetic field can increase the solidification time and prevent the melt surface from curing too fast. However, the accumulation of Joule heat can also lead to nucleation melting and a decrease in the nucleation rate. There have been a number of reports about the application of pulsed magnetic fields to superalloys, Mg alloys and Al alloys, which have wide application in industry. However, the technology is not mature enough for large-scale industrial application. In this paper, the application of a pulsed magnetic field to alloy solidification is explored from three angles, namely, the effects of the pulsed magnetic field on the solidification structure of alloys, their underlying dynamic mechanisms, and the application of such magnetic fields in the different alloy solidification processes. Moreover, the relative advantages and disadvantages of this technology, as well as the future prospects are also explained.
张磊, 邢志国, 王海斗, 郭伟玲, 李国禄, 黄艳斐, 张执南. 脉冲磁场对合金凝固过程影响的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(14): 21090053-11.
ZHANG Lei, XING Zhiguo, WANG Haidou, GUO Weiling, LI Guolu, HUANG Yanfei, ZHANG Zhinan. Research Progress of the Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Solidification Process of Alloys. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(14): 21090053-11.
1 Wang T, Semenov S, Wang E, et al. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 861, 012026. 2 Vandersluis E, Ravindran C. Journal of Materials Science, 2019, 54, 4325. 3 Coleman J, Krane M. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 861, 012044. 4 He T, Xu Y, Huo Y, et al. Materials Express, 2020, 10(7), 1109. 5 Li Y, Tang Y, Zhao W, et al. Journal of Materials Science, 2020, 55(16), 7039. 6 Getselev Z N. Journal of Metals, 1971, 23(10), 38. 7 Vives C. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1989, 20(5), 623. 8 Luo L, Xia H, Luo L, et al. Advanced Engineering Materials, DOI:10. 1002/adem. 202000561. 9 Hou L, Dai Y, Fautrelle Y, et al. Acta Materialia, 2020, 199, 383. 10 Liu C, Zhong Y, Shen Z, et al. Journal of Materials Research, 2019, 34(24), 1. 11 Li L, Suo Y, Liu T, et al. Crystal Growth & Design, 2019, 19(11), 6448. 12 Li L, Zhang R, Ban C, et al. Materials Characterization, 2019, 151, 191. 13 Hasegawa M, Maruhashi S, Muranaka Y, et al. Tetsu-to-Hagane, 2009, 67(8), 1354. 14 Sivarupan T, Caceres C H, Taylor J A. Metallurgical & Materials Tran-sactions A, 2013, 44, 4071. 15 Jie Z Q, Zhang J, Huang T W, et al. China Foundry, 2016, 13(2), 101. 16 Xiong Y, Wei X Y, Du J, et al. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2004, 35(7), 2111. 17 I T H, Tzu H H, Yao J C, et al. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, 35, 101328. 18 Lim Y P, Wang C C. Materials Sciences and Applications, 2012, 10, 713. 19 Ma X, Li Y, Yang Y. Journal of Materials Research, 2009, 24(8), 2670. 20 Wang B, Yang Y S, Zhou J X, et al. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2008, 18, 536. 21 Zhang L, Zhou W, Hu P H, et al. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 688, 868. 22 Zhou Q, Yang Y S, Ma J C. Foundry, 2007, 56, 148. 23 Li L, Liang W, Ban C, et al. Materials Characterization, 2020, 163, 110274. 24 Haghayeghi R, Kapranos P. Materials Letters, 2015, 151, 38. 25 Fu J W, Yang Y S. Materials Letters, 2012, 67(1), 252. 26 Li Q, Song C, Li H, et al. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2007, 466(1-2), 101. 27 Zhang L. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B, 2013, 44(2), 390. 28 Wu H, Zhou Q, Wang J, et al. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2018, 38(6), 656 (in Chinese). 吴晗, 周全, 王俊, 等. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2018, 38(6), 656. 29 Hao J F, Wang S C, Nong D, et al. Foundry Technology, 2020, 41(2), 148 (in Chinese). 郝建飞, 王顺成, 农登, 等. 铸造技术, 2020, 41(2), 148. 30 Collini L, Pirondi A. International Journal of Fatigue, 2014, 62(5), 258. 31 Amit K, Aman K V, Mangey R. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2015, 6(3), 419. 32 Roberts A P, Garboczi E J. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83(12), 3041. 33 Nadot Y, Mendez J, Ranganathan N. International Journal of Fatigue, 2004, 26(3), 311. 34 Yan H D, Gong W J, Jin H. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2020, 55(2), 343. 闫华东, 宫维佳, 靳慧. 西南交通大学学报,2020, 55(2), 343. 35 Gong W J. Effect of casting defects on mechanical properties of steel structure with cast steel nodes. Master’s Thesis, Southeast University, China, 2016 (in Chinese). 宫维佳. 铸造缺陷对含铸钢节点钢结构的力学性能影响. 硕士学位论文, 东南大学, 2016. 36 Liu M Y. Effect of grain refinement on the microstructure and properties of H68 brass alloy. Master’s Thesis, Dalian University of Technology, China, 2016 (in Chinese). 刘明洋. H68黄铜的晶粒细化及对组织和性能的影响. 大连理工大学, 硕士学位论文, 2016. 37 马晓平. 中国专利, CN102310174B, 2012. 38 Tu X R, Zhou Q, Chen L P. Hot Working Technology, 2010, 39(3), 63(in Chinese). 涂序荣, 周全, 陈乐平. 热加工工艺, 2010, 39(3), 63. 39 Chen G J, Zhang Y J, Yang Y S, et al. Metallic Functional Materials, 2014, 21(3), 19(in Chinese). 陈国军, 张永杰, 杨院生, 等. 金属功能材料, 2014, 21(3), 19. 40 Chen G J, Zhang Y J, Wang E G, et al. Metallic Functional Materials, 2014, 21(6), 29(in Chinese). 陈国军, 张永杰, 王恩刚, 等. 金属功能材料, 2014, 21(6), 29. 41 Li Q S, Li H B, Zhai Q J. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2006, 13(5), 69. 42 Ma X P, Li Y, Yang Y. Journal of Materials Research, 2009, 24(10), 3174. 43 Gong Y Y, Luo J, Jing J X, et al. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2008, 497(1-2), 147. 44 Gao Y L, Li Q S, Gong Y Y, et al. Materials Letters, 2007, 61(18), 4011. 45 Guo L P, Yin J, Chen L P, et al. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2013, 33(5), 480(in Chinese). 郭连平, 尹健, 陈乐平, 等. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2013, 33(5), 480. 46 Li Y J, Teng Y F, Yang Y S. Metals & Materials International, 2014, 20(3), 527. 47 Teng Y F, Feng X H, Li Y J, et al. Materials Research Innovations, 2014, 18(4), 352. 48 Hua J, Zhang Y, Wu C. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2011, 211(3), 463. 49 Zhao Z, Qi T, Hu P, et al. Advanced Manufacturing Processes, 2012, 27(5), 561. 50 Chen Q P, Oguma H, Shen H F. Materials Science Forum, 2019, 944, 52. 51 Bai Q, Ma Y, Xing S, et al. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2018, 27(2), 857. 52 Bai Q, Ma Y, Xing S, et al. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2017, 39, 1828. 53 Fu J W, Yang Y S. Journal of Materials Research, 2011, 26(14), 1688. 54 Li Y J, Tao W Z, Yang Y S. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2012, 212(4), 903. 55 Lyu L H, Chen J C, Chen R, et al. Materials Reports, 2012, 26(7), 114(in Chinese). 吕连灏, 陈敬超, 陈蓉, 等. 材料导报, 2012, 26(7), 114. 56 Decker R F. JOM, 2006, 58(9), 32. 57 Loria E A. JOM, 1988, 40(7), 36. 58 Li Y J, Ma X P, Yang Y S. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2011, 21(6), 1277. 59 Xie X H. Research on grain refinement of superalloy K4169 with pulsed magnetic field and mechanical vibration treatment. Master’s Thesis, Nanchang Hangkong University, China, 2014 (in Chinese). 谢小华. 脉冲磁场和机械振动作用下细化K4169高温合金晶粒的研究. 硕士学位论文, 南昌航空大学, 2014. 60 Teng Y F, Li Y J, Feng X H, et al. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2015, 51(7), 844 (in Chinese). 滕跃飞, 李应举, 冯小辉, 等. 金属学报, 2015, 51(7), 844. 61 Zhao J, Yu J H, Han K, et al. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2018, 31(12), 1334. 62 Zhao J, Cheng Y F, Han K, et al. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2016, 229, 286. 63 Cheng Y, Xu Z S, Zhou Z, et al. Shanghai Metals, 2016, 38(4), 54 (in Chinese). 程勇, 徐智帅, 周湛, 等. 上海金属, 2016, 38(4), 54. 64 Cao T Y, Zhai Q J, Li R X, et al. Research on Iron and Steel, 2014, 42(6), 35 (in Chinese). 曹同友, 翟启杰, 李仁兴, 等. 钢铁研究, 2014, 42(6), 35. 65 Yan C L, Wang F M, Zhang Q J. Metallic Functional Materials, 2015, 22(6), 24 (in Chinese). 严春亮, 王凤鸣, 张庆军. 金属功能材料, 2015, 22(6), 24. 66 Liu W. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy by squeeze casting near the liquidus line. Master’s Thesis, Harbin University of Science and Technology, China, 2020 (in Chinese). 刘威. 近液相线挤压铸造AZ91D镁合金支架组织性能研究. 硕士学位论文, 哈尔滨理工大学, 2020. 67 Lin X X. Study on flame retardant atmosphere condition and control in differentialpressure casting of magnesium alloy. Master’s Thesis, Harbin Institute of Technology, China, 2019 (in Chinese). 林晓旭. 镁合金差压铸造过程阻燃气氛条件与气氛控制研究. 硕士学位论文, 哈尔滨工业大学, 2019. 68 Slooff F A, Dzwonczyk J S, Zhou J, et al. Materials Science & Enginee-ring A, 2010, 527(3), 735. 69 Huang J J. Effect of alloying and physical field on solidified structure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy. Master’s Thesis, Nanchang Hangkong University, China, 2016 (in Chinese). 黄金角. 合金化及物理场对AZ91镁合金凝固组织和力学性能的影响. 硕士学位论文, 南昌航空大学, 2016. 70 Hu S P, Chen L P, Zhou Q, et al. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2018, 38(5), 556 (in Chinese). 胡世平, 陈乐平, 周全, 等. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2018, 38(5), 556. 71 Xin Y, Hu T, Chu P K. Acta Biomaterialia, 2011, 7(4), 1452. 72 Kirkland N T, Lespagnol J, Birbilis N, et al. Corrosion Science, 2010, 52(2), 287. 73 Hu P H. Effects of pulsed magnetic field on the microstructure, mechanical propertiesand corrosion behavior of biomedical magnesium and its alloys. Master’s Thesis, Nanchang Hangkong University, China, 2017 (in Chinese). 胡鹏鹤. 脉冲磁场对生物医用镁及镁合金凝固组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响. 硕士学位论文, 南昌航空大学, 2017. 74 Liu L Q, Li Q S, Li R X, et al. China Foundry Machinery & Technology, 2004(1), 27 (in Chinese). 刘立强, 李秋书, 李仁兴, 等. 中国铸造装备与技术, 2004(1), 27. 75 Yan C L, Shen L, Bao X Y, et al. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 2020, 48(10), 17 (in Chinese). 闫春雷, 沈利, 鲍鑫宇, 等. 轻合金加工技术, 2020, 48(10), 17. 76 Zhao Z L, Zhang R, Liu L, et al. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2005(2), 97 (in Chinese). 赵志龙, 张蓉, 刘林, 等. 材料研究学报, 2005(2), 97. 77 Qiu H. Study on semi-solid structure of Al-Cu alloy and its composites prepared by lowvoltage pulsed magnetic field. Master’s Thesis, Nanchang Hangkong University, China, 2012 (in Chinese). 邱辉. 低压脉冲磁场制备Al-Cu合金及其复合材料的半固态组织研究. 硕士学位论文, 南昌航空大学, 2012. 78 Wang J. Preparation of Al-20Si functionally graded materials under pulsed magneticfield. Master’s Thesis, Nanchang Hangkong University, China, 2017 (in Chinese). 王俊. 脉冲磁场下Al-20Si功能梯度材料的制备. 硕士学位论文, 南昌航空大学, 2017. 79 Tan Z L, Zhou Q, Yuan Y P, et al. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2019, 39(5), 544 (in Chinese). 谭震林, 周全, 袁源平, 等. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2019, 39(5), 544.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2023, Vol. 37 
