Progresses on Research and Application of Welding Residual Stress Regulation Technologies
GUO Zhengwei1, LONG Weimin2,*, WANG Bo2, QI Ting1, LI Ningbo2
1 Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacture Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200245,China 2 China Innovation Academy of Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
Abstract: Residual stress is widespread in welded components. Uneven distribution of the residual stress is the source of deformation and cracking of structural parts, which directly affect the bearing capacity, stability andservice life of welded components. The residual stress of welding is distributed dynamically with the change of service environment and external load. The reduction and homogenization of residual stress should be carried through the entire life cycle of welding component design, production and service. The key to controlling deformation and residual stress in welding lies on the regulation of the plastic zone. A well-performed welding sequence can effectively reduce the residual stress after welding and improve its distribution. Proper preheating before welding and tempering after welding can effectively reduce temperature gradient, relax stress concentration, and reduce residual stress at the joint. The hammering treatment of the welded joint can extend the metal to offset part of the shrinkage in the welding area, which reduces the residual tensile stress. In the mechanical deformation method, load is applied on the weld and the surrounding area, and then the external load and the internal residual stress are superimposed to make the component undergo plastic deformation. The plastic deformation allows the residual stress to be released and balanced. The common mechanical deformation methods include tensile strength, vibration aging, explosion treatment, ultrasonic impact and shot peening strengthening. Each mechanical deformation method has its own advantage, thus, they should be carefully selected considering the component materials, structure, and performance control requirements. Driven by the transitional development of manufacturing industry and the environmental protection policies, the residual stress regulation technology is expected to be greener, more flexible and efficient, more controllable and specialized in the future.
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2023, Vol. 37 
