A Survey on the Protective Coating Techniques for CoSb3-based SkutteruditeThermoelectric Materials
BAO Xin1,2, BAI Shengqiang2, WU Zihua1, WU Ting2, GU Ming2, XIE Huaqing1
1 School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209; 2 The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050
Abstract: Thermoelectric conversion technology can take the advantage of the carrier transport in solids to realize the conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy. Owing to its superiority of no pollution, no transmission, and no noise, thermoelectric conversion technology shows great potential in solar and thermal combined power generation and industrial waste heat recovery technologies, which provides a new research direction for alleviating environmental and energy pressure. The performance of thermoelectric conversion technology is characterized by the dimensionless figure of merit ZT, ZT=S2σT/κ, where S, σ, T and κ represent the Seebeck coefficient, conductivity, absolute temperature, thermal conductivity, respectively. However, there is a big gap between the current thermoelectric device conversion efficiency and the general heat engine power generation efficiency. The relatively low conversion efficiency results from the lower thermoelectric conversion performance of the material, namely the lower ZT value. Theoretical researches illustrate that only ZT value exceeds 1 can thermoelectric material be applied commercially. As one of the typical electronic crystal-phonon glass thermoelectric materials, the CoSb3-based skutterudite thermoelectric material exhibits excellent thermoelectric properties and has been extensively studied in the past two decades. Filling, doping, preparing nanocomposites and other methods have effectively improved the properties of CoSb3-based thermoelectric materials, and its ZT has increased from about 0.5 for CoSb3 binary skutterudite to about 1.7—2.0 for filled skutterudite. Therefore, CoSb3-based skutterudite(SKD) is considered as one of the most promising thermoelectric(TE) material in medium temperature region (500—850 K). And the design, integration and service behavior of SKD based thermoelectric devices are carried out. Unfortunately, relative studies have shown that the degradation of materials (such as oxidation of materials, sublimation of elements and diffusion of interface during service) of SKD based thermoelectric converters during the high temperature service will lead to the overall performance degradation of the device, which seriously hinders the commercial application of skutterudite materials. Consequently, research focuses of SKD based thermoelectric devices lie in breaking the technical barriers that restrict the practical application of the devices, expanding its application field and solving the problem of high temperature degradation of SKD. In this article, an overview of the main failure mode of materials ans devices caused by oxidation of SKD and sublimation of Sb element, various protective coating techniques of the SKD ( such as metal coating of Ti,Mo,Pt, etc., nonmetallic coating of glass, ceramics, aerogel and compo-site coating) is presented, which aims to provide a reference for solving the problem of deterioration of CoSb3based skutterudite thermoelectric devices. In the actual service of thermoelectric devices, elemental sublimation phenomenon is inevitable in various thermoelectric materials, and these materials also encounter oxidation problems when operating in high partial pressure of oxygen environments. This review also presents a certain reference value in protecting other thermoelectric materials from deteriorating and prolonging the service time of the thermoelectric devices.
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2019, Vol. 33 
