Abstract: Cancer is a global disease with a leading mortality rate. To date, chemotherapy is still generally recognized as the most effective means for treating cancer which is wildly used over the world. Nevertheless, currently used chemotherapeutic drugs suffer from serious toxic side effects on normal tissue cells while killing tumor cells, due to the lack of tissue specificity. Therefore, how to safely and effectively deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumor tissues with enhanced drug absorption in tumor cells is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of cancer treatment. Fortunately, a promising cancer treatment technology, controlled drug release, has grabbed numerous attentions. The core idea of this technology is that drugs are loaded on functional carrier and the drug release site and rate should be controlled precisely, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing drug toxicity and improving the bioavailability of the drug. The carrier material is the key to achieving the controlled release of drugs. Hence, researchers have made great efforts on design and development of multifunctional drug carriers. Generally speaking, ideal drug carriers is characterized by high stability, low biotoxicity, non-immunogenicity and tissue targeting properties. Currently, diverse drug carriers, including inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, polymer micelles and microcapsules, have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Especially, drug carriers based on natural polymer materials have been favored by many researchers because of their excellent biocompatibility and clinical application prospects. Chemical modification of natural polymer materials to construct drug carriers has also become a significant research direction in the field of drug controlled release. Polysaccharide is a kind of natural polymer with favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility, which possesses rich diversity in nature, high water solubility and easiness of chemical modification. There are a large number of reactive groups on molecular chains of polysaccharides, like hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH) and amino groups (-NH2). After specific chemical modification, polysaccharides are endowed with modified physical or chemical properties and form hydrogels, micelles, vesicles and other structures, which enable its potential application in the field of biomaterials. Presently, the commonly used modification methods of polysaccharides include hydrophobic molecules grafting, aldehyde modification and in situ disulfide bond modification. Drug carriers based on these polysaccharides derivatives exhibit favorable biosafety, controllable drug release rate and in vivo distribution. Moreover, targeted therapy can be realized by targeted drug delivery via passive or active targeting methods. In this review, a variety of modification methods for the preparation of polysaccharide-based drug carriers are introduced, and their research prospect and application potential in the field of biological medicine are briefly discussed.
于坤, 韩晓东, 何丽华, 贾庆明, 陕绍云, 苏红莹. 用于药物载体系统的多糖材料的修饰方法[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(3): 510-516.
YU Kun, HAN Xiaodong, HE Lihua, JIA Qingming, SHAN Shaoyun, SU Hongying. A Survey on Modification Methods of Polysaccharides Used for Drug CarrierSystems. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(3): 510-516.
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2019, Vol. 33 
