Advances in Nanocellulose and Its Application in Hydrogels
YANG Fan1, mA Jianzhong2, BAO Yan2
1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710021 2 College of Bioresources Chemical and materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021
Abstract: Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers formed by chemical and/or physical crosslinking. They have favorable water absorption and water retention, and will not overflow under a certain pressure. Since hydrogels entered people's eye shot, the preparation process and application range of hydrogels have been continuously optimized and enlarged. Nevertheless, hydrogels still suffer from poor water absorption, water retention, salt tolerance, mechanical strength, and degradability. Especially, hydrogels are mostly prepared by taking petro-leum products as raw materials, and the lack of oil resources in China seriously blocks the further development of hydrogels. For the sake of solving the above problems, researchers have gradually turned their attention to the natural macromolecules. Usually, natural macromolecules exist in nature and are rich in resources. Starch, cellulose, chitosan, etc. are the earliest natural polymers that have been found to be satisfactory for introducing in hydrogels. Among them, cellulose is the most abundant one, and it has been widely used in various fields because of its non-toxic, favorable biodegradable and biocompatible properties. However, the poor water solubility and poor mechanical properties of cellulose have prompted certain hindrance in the preparation process, despite the improved effect of water absorption and water retention. Accor-dingly, the modification of cellulose has become a hot topic. Although a series of derivatives like carboxymethyl cellulose can solve the problem of cellulose insoluble in water, the gel strength and salt tolerance of hydrogel still remain unsolved. It is universally known that nanoparticles exhibit certain rigidity and are able to regulate the mechanical property of materials. Consequently, nanocellulose, one of the modified derivatives of the cellulose has attracted numerous research interests. Thanks to the nano scale size, nanocellulose not only possesses the advantages of non-to-xic, easy degradation, but also show low density, good mechanical properties, strong hydrophilicity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, etc. Compared with tranditional hydrogel, the nanocellulose-based hydrogel is superior in the following three aspects: enhanced water absorption, considerable salt tolerance, and high gel strength. In this article, we summarize the preparation approaches ofnanocellulose and nanocellulose-based hydrogels, including physical, chemical and physico-mechanical combined methods, and analyze the merits and drawbacks of each method. Besides, we introduce the application and develo-pment of nanocellulose-based hydrogels in agriculture, biological ,water treatment and other fields. Finally, we point out the challenges in the preparation and application of nanocellulose-based hydrogels and proposed the future prospect.
杨帆, 马建中, 鲍艳. 纳米纤维素及其在水凝胶中的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(7): 1227-1233.
YANG Fan, mA Jianzhong, BAO Yan. Advances in Nanocellulose and Its Application in Hydrogels. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(7): 1227-1233.
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2019, Vol. 33 
