YANG Dan1,LIU Yan1,,ZHONG Zhengxiang1,TIAN Gongwei1,FAN Wenqian2,WANG Yu3,QI Dianpeng1,
1 MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China
Abstract: As a key interface device for information communication between human body and external machine, neural electrodes play an important role in brain science, biological electronic medicine and other frontier fields. Originally, metal and semiconductor were used as neural electrode materials, due to their good electrical conductivity. However their hardness are much higher than that of biological tissues (more than 4 orders of magnitude higher), which results in poor biocompatibility. This causes immune responses of biological tissues and electrodes failure. In addition, they are easy to cause damage to biological tissues during the implanting process. In recent years, flexible materials such as conductive polymers, hydrogels and carbon nanotubes are employed to produce flexible neural electrodes. This kind of electrode can reduce the mechanical mismatch across the electronics-tissue interface. Furthermore, the flexible neural electrodes also show advantages in decreasing the impedance between electrode-tissue interface, minimizing biological tissue injury during implantation, ensuring the long-term stability of electrodes and improving their electrical conductivity. All the features are essential for precisely neural stimulation and high quality physiological signal recording. At present, implanted flexible neural microelectrodes attractive many efforts, which requires the combination of new materials, micro-processing technique and neural engineering. The implanted flexible neural electrodes present better performance than other neural electrodes, and many achievements have been gotten in the field of pain suppression, brain-computer interface, human prosthesis and so on. Therefore, the implanted flexible neural electrodes play a more and more important role in clinical application. In this review, we summarize the research progress of implanted neural microelectrodes from three aspects: neural microelectrode, flexible neural electrode and stretchable neural electrode. Firstly, we analyze the problems with rigid implanted neural electrodes. Subsequently, we introduce flexible implanted neural electrodes and demonstrate their advantages. Finally, we discuss how to further optimize the performance of the implanted flexible neural electrodes and prospect their development. It is expected to provide references for the preparation of implanted neural electrodes with excellent properties.
1 Yang L, Li Y C, Fang Y.Advanced Materials,2013, 25(28), 3881. 2 Ganji M, Paulk A C, Yang J C, et al.Nano Letters, 2019, 19(9), 6244. 3 Zhang G S.China Medical Devices, 2012, 27(12), 84 (in Chinese). 张冠石. 中国医疗设备, 2012, 27(12), 84. 4 Oxley T J, Opie N L, John S E, et al.Nature Biotechnology, 2016, 34(3), 320. 5 Birmingham K, Gradinaru V, Anikeeva P, et al. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2014, 13(6), 39. 6 Wolpaw J R, Birbaumer N, Heetderks W J, et al.IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, 2000, 8(2), 164. 7 Cao Y, Zheng X X.Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2014, 33(6), 659 (in Chinese). 曹艳, 郑筱祥. 中国生物医学工程学报,2014, 33(6), 659. 8 Chapin J K, Moxon K A, Markowitz R S, et al.Nature Neuroscience,1999, 2(7), 664. 9 Wessberg J, Stambaugh C R, Kralik J D, et al.Nature, 2000, 408(6810), 361. 10 Kruger J, Bach M.Experimental Brain Research, 1981, 41(2), 191. 11 Strumwasser F.Science (New York, NY), 1958, 127(3296), 469. 12 Pei W H.Science & Technology Review, 2018, 36(6), 77 (in Chinese). 裴为华.科技导报, 2018, 36(6), 77. 13 Marg E, Adams J E.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1967, 23(3), 277. 14 Takahashi H, Suzurikawa J, Nakao M, et al.Ieee Transactions on Biome-dical Engineering,2005, 52(5), 952. 15 Normann R A, Maynard E M, Rousche P J, et al.Vision Research, 1999, 39(15), 2577. 16 Maynard E M, Nordhausen C T, Normann R A.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1997, 102(3), 228. 17 Suner S, Fellows M R, Vargas-Irwin C, et al.IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2005, 13(4), 524. 18 Campbell P K, Jones K E, Huber R J, et al.IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1991, 38(8), 758. 19 Branner A, Normann R A.Brain Research Bulletin, 2000, 51(4), 293. 20 Branner A, Stein R B, Fernandez E, et al.IEEE Transactions on Biome-dical Engineering, 2004, 51(1), 146. 21 Bhandari R, Negi S, Rieth L, et al. In:Conference Record of 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Lyon, 2008, pp. 123. 22 Hochberg L R, Serruya M D, Friehs G M, et al.Nature, 2006, 442(7099), 164. 23 Bai Q, Wise K D, Anderson D J.IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2000, 47(3), 281. 24 Cheung K C.Biomedical Microdevices, 2007, 9(6), 923. 25 Takeuchi S, Suzuki T, Mabuchi K, et al.Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2004, 14(1), 104. 26 Abidian M R, Ludwig K A, Marzullo T C, et al.Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(37), 3764. 27 Vetter R J, Williams J C, Hetke J F, et al.IEEE Transactions on Biome-dical Engineering, 2004, 51(6), 896. 28 Chou N, Yoo S, Kim S.IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2013, 21(4), 544. 29 Wang X W, Gu Y, Xiong Z P, et al. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(9), 1336. 30 Rousche P J, Pellinen D S, Pivin D P, et al.IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2001, 48(3), 361. 31 Rodger D C, Fong A J, Wen L, et al.Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2008, 132(2), 449. 32 Takeuchi S, Suzuki T, Mabuchi K, et al.Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2004, 14(1), 104. 33 Chen C H, Lin C T, Hsu W L, et al.Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Bio-logy and Medicine, 2013, 9(5), 600. 34 Wu F, Im M, Yoon E. In: Conference Record of the 2011 IEEE 16th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Beijing, 2011, pp. 966. 35 Baek J Y, Kwon G H, Kim J Y, et al. In: Conference Record of Advances in Nanomaterials and Processing. Cheju Isl, 2007, pp. 165. 36 Nguyen-Vu T D B, Chen H, Cassell A M, et al.IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2007, 54(6), 1121. 37 Du Z Z, Li W, Ai W, et al.RSC Advances, 2013, 3(48), 25788. 38 Zhan B B, Li C, Yang J, et al.Small, 2014, 10(20), 4042. 39 Shoval A, Adams C, David-Pur M, et al.Frontiers in Neuroengineering, 2009, 2, 4. 40 Kim D H, Wiler J A, Anderson D J, et al.Acta Biomaterialia, 2010, 6(1), 57. 41 Li J W, Wang S Y.Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering, 2014, 12(3), 217 (in Chinese). 李璟文, 王守岩. 纳米技术与精密工程, 2014, 12(3), 217. 42 Berggren M, Richter-Dahlfors A.Advanced Materials, 2007, 19(20), 3201. 43 Khodagholy D, Doublet T, Gurfinkel M, et al.Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(36), 268. 44 David-Pur M, Bareket-Keren L, Beit-Yaakov G, et al.Biomedical Microdevices, 2014, 16(1), 43. 45 Lovat V, Pantarotto D, Lagostena L, et al.Nano Letters, 2005, 5(6), 1107. 46 Abidian M R, Martin D C.Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19(4), 573. 47 Fan B H, Mei X G, Ouyang J Y.Macromolecules, 2008, 41(16), 5971. 48 Mandal H S, Knaack G L, Charkhkar H, et al.Acta Biomaterialia, 2014, 10(6), 2446. 49 Yu S H, Lee J H, Choi M S, et al.Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2013, 580(1), 76. 50 Wang K. The fabrication of novel implantable microwire microelectrode array of neural interface and its modification. Master's thesis, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, China, 2016 (in Chinese). 王坤. 用于植入式神经接口的微丝电极阵列的研制与改性研究. 硕士学位论文, 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院, 2016. 51 Hsu H L, Teng I J, Chen Y C, et al.Advanced Materials, 2010, 22(19), 2177. 52 Wang B H, Huang W, Chi L F, et al.Chemical Reviews, 2018, 118(11), 5690. 53 Cheng T, Zhang Y Z, Lai W Y, et al.Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(22), 3349. 54 Qi D P, Liu Z Y, Liu Y, et al.Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(37), 5559. 55 Qi D P, Liu Y, Liu Z Y, et al.Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(5), 1602802. 56 Qi D P, Liu Z Y, Liu Y, et al.Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(40), 1702800. 57 Li C G. Investigation and fabrication of novel flexible and stretchable electrodes with multi-layer composite structures.Master's thesis, Xidian University, China, 2015 (in Chinese). 李晨光. 新型多层复合结构柔性可拉伸电极的研究与制备. 硕士学位论文, 西安电子科技大学, 2015. 58 Qi D P, Liu Z Y, Yu M, et al.Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(20), 3145. 59 Liu C B, Fan Q L, Huang W,et al. Physics, 2005,(6), 424 (in Chinese). 刘承斌, 范曲立, 黄维, 等. 物理, 2005(6), 424. 60 Huang W.Optics & Optoelectronic Technology, 2016, 14(5), 1 (in Chinese). 黄维.光学与光电技术, 2016, 14(5), 1. 61 Gray D S, Tien J, Chen C S.Advanced Materials,2004, 16(5), 393. 62 Tybrandt K, Khodagholy D, Dielacher B, et al. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(15), 1706520. 63 Liu J, Fu T M, Cheng Z G, et al.Nature Nanotechnology,2015, 10(7), 629. 64 Lacour S P, Benmerah S, Tarte E, et al.Medical & Biological Enginee-ring & Computing, 2010, 48(10), 945. 65 Wang Y, Zhu C, Pfattner R, et al.Science Advances, 2017, 3(3), 1602076. 66 Liu Y X , Liu J, Chen S C, et al.Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 3(1), 58. 67 Huang S, Liu Y, Zhao Y, et al.Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(6), 1805924.