金属焊接接头疲劳寿命延长技术综述

doi:10.11896/cldb.19100173

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (9): 9059-9068 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19100173

材料与可持续发展（四）——材料再制造与废弃物料资源化利用*

金属焊接接头疲劳寿命延长技术综述

孙朋飞¹, 姚丹丹², 张鹏林³, 王董琪琼¹, 侯嘉鹏¹, 王强^1,*, 张哲峰¹

1 中国科学院金属研究所,沈阳 110016
2 长春轨道客车股份有限公司,长春 130062
3 兰州理工大学有色金属先进加工与再利用省部共建国家重点实验室,兰州 730050

Fatigue Life Extension Technologies for Weld Joints of Metals: a Review

SUN Pengfei¹, YAO Dandan², ZHANG Penglin³, WANG Dongqiqiong¹, HOU Jiapeng¹, WANG Qiang^1,*, ZHANG Zhefeng¹

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

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摘要疲劳断裂是金属构件在循环或交变载荷作用下长期服役过程中的主要失效形式。焊接是重要的金属成型方法,焊接接头是同种金属或异种金属连接的部位,是焊接金属构件上组织结构和力学性能的渐变区。由于金属构件服役的环境越来越苛刻,长期在循环或交变载荷作用下服役时,焊接接头的疲劳问题也越来越突出。因此,如何延长金属构件焊接接头疲劳寿命已经成为广泛关注的重要科学问题。
由于金属焊接工艺复杂,含有焊接接头的金属构件疲劳寿命受多种因素影响。本文首先总结了影响焊缝疲劳寿命的关键因素,包括组织变化、焊接缺陷、应力集中、残余应力等。由于焊接接头存在组织演变、几何结构变化以及焊接缺陷等问题,焊接接头疲劳性能通常较基体大幅下降。随后综述了多种焊缝疲劳延寿技术,如焊缝打磨技术、锤击技术、TIG熔修技术、高频机械冲击技术、低相变温度焊接材料技术等。根据焊缝疲劳延寿技术特征,大致分为焊缝形状修饰法、焊缝残余应力法和低相变温度材料法三类。

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	孙朋飞
	姚丹丹
	张鹏林
	王董琪琼
	侯嘉鹏
	王强
	张哲峰

关键词: 疲劳寿命焊缝形状修饰法焊缝残余应力法低相变点材料

Abstract: Fatigue fracture is the main failure mode of metal components in long-term service under cyclic or alternating load. Welding is an important metal connection method. The weld joint is the site of the same metal or different metal connected with each other, and the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties in the weld joint change gradually. As the service environment of metal components becomes more and more severe, the fatigue of welded joints becomes more and more prominent when they are in long-term service under cyclic or alternating load. Therefore, how to improve the fatigue life of metal components with welded joints has become an important scientific issue.
Due to the complexity of metal welding process, the fatigue lives of metal components with welded joints are affected by many factors. Firstly, the key factors affecting the fatigue life of weld joint are summarized, including the microstructure evolution, welding defects, stress concentration, residual stress and so on. Attributed to microstructure evolution, geometric structure changes, and the introduction of welding defects, the fatigue properties of welded joints are usually decreased markedly as compared with that of the matrix. Subsequently, a variety of weld fatigue life extension technologies are summed up, such as weld grinding technology, hammering technology, TIG dressing technology, high frequency mechanical impact technology, low transformation temperature filler materials technology, and so on. According to the characteristics of the weld fatigue life extension technology, it can be roughly divided into three categories: weld shape modification method, weld residual stress method, and low phase change temperature material method.

Key words: fatigue life weld shape modification method weld residual stress method low phase transition temperature material

出版日期: 2021-05-10 发布日期: 2021-05-31

ZTFLH:

TG405

基金资助: 吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金项目(2020SYHZ0017)

通讯作者: gmwang@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 孙朋飞,2018年6月毕业于兰州理工大学焊接技术与工程专业,获得工学学士学位。现为兰州理工大学与中国科学院金属研究所联合培养硕士研究生,在王强副研究员的指导下进行焊缝疲劳延寿技术的研究。
王强,中科院金属研究所副研究员、硕士研究生导师。2005年毕业于太原理工大学材料成型与控制专业,同年进入吉林大学材料加工工程专业硕博连读,于2010年博士毕业。2010—2012年就职于中国石油天然气集团公司西安管材研究所,2012年进入中科院沈阳金属研究所至今。研究方向为:关键金属构件疲劳延寿技术开发与应用,表面强化技术及设备开发与应用,高强高导铝及铝合金导体材料开发与应用,高强高导铝及铝合金导线制备工艺开发及应用,高强铸造铝合金开发及应用。以此为基础,开发出新型表面旋压强化技术和新型高强高导铝合金导线加工工艺,并已发表SCI检索论文20余篇,申请发明专利10余项。

引用本文:

孙朋飞, 姚丹丹, 张鹏林, 王董琪琼, 侯嘉鹏, 王强, 张哲峰. 金属焊接接头疲劳寿命延长技术综述[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(9): 9059-9068.
SUN Pengfei, YAO Dandan, ZHANG Penglin, WANG Dongqiqiong, HOU Jiapeng, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Zhefeng. Fatigue Life Extension Technologies for Weld Joints of Metals: a Review. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(9): 9059-9068.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.19100173 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I9/9059

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