A Review and Development Tendency of Welding Repair Technology for Cast Magnesium Alloy
CHEN Yi1, ZHOU Wenbing2, GUO Longtao1, YANG Chunli1
1 State Key Laboratory of Modern Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute, Shanghai 201600, China
Abstract: The density of magnesium is 1.74 g·cm-3, which is 2/3 of aluminum's density. Magnesium alloys with good castability and high specific strength play an important role in reducing structural weight. Therefore, cast magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automobile. In particular, the addition of rare earth elements in cast magnesium alloys enhances the room temperature strength and the high temperature creeps properties of magnesium alloys, expanding the application of magnesium alloys. However, some inevitable defects exist in casting magnesium alloys. In order to ensure the reliability of cast magnesium alloys components, welding repair technology for the defects of casting magnesium alloys has practical engineering significance. Considering the actual requirements of the repair of magnesium alloys defects, some researchers have studied the welding repair technology of cast magnesium alloys defects, combined with the unique physical properties and weldability of magnesium alloys. Tungsten argon arc welding has the widest application in the welding repair of cast magnesium alloys because of the characteristics of low cost, easy operation, and good applicability. In order to ensure the welding quality, it is necessary to make strict welding process, such as cooling slowly and restricting the heat input. Cold metal transfer welding can achieve precise control of the welding process and improve the weld quality of the magnesium alloys welded by the gas shielded welding. Laser welding has high-density energy and smaller heat affected area, but it has requirement to develop a reasonable process to avoid welding defects. Friction stir welding can better complete the repair of casting defects, but it is li-mited in the welding repair of cast magnesium alloys for the complex structure of the components. Pulsed laser welding, electron beam welding, brazing, diffusion welding and hybrid welding technologies are applied in the welding of magnesium alloys, but have not yet been applied in the welding repair of casting magnesium alloys. Due to the special physical properties and weldability of cast magnesium alloys, as well as the complex structure of the components to be repaired, existing magnesium alloys defects welding repair technology has many limitations, deeper systematic theoretical research is still needed. In order to effectively solve the actual repair engineering problems of cast magnesium alloys, both the casting magnesium alloy welding repair technology and the systematic research on the repair technology require a lot of exploratory work. This paper briefly describes the application and weldability of cast magnesium alloys, and introduces the application of tungsten argon arc wel-ding, cold metal transfer welding, laser welding and friction stir welding in the welding repair of cast magnesium alloys emphatically. Then it discusses the existing problems and the future development prospects, and provides a research reference for the realization of intelligent repair technology with better controllable organization and performance of the welding repair zone.
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2020, Vol. 34 
