Ultrafine Grained Magnesium Alloys Research:Status Quo and Future Directions
PENG Peng1, TANG Aitao1,2, SHE Jia1, ZHOU Shibo1, PAN Fusheng1,2
1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045 2 National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044
Abstract: Magnesium and its alloys have become one of the most promising structural materials, thanks to their superiority in low density, high specific strength, high thermal conductivity, high damping and good electromagnetic shielding performance. As the rising environmental problems, there is a increasingly pressing need for light-weight products, energy conservation and emission reduction. Especially, it has become an urgent and widespread demand for structural materials with low density, high performance and recyclable remanufacturing properties, which provides a broad prospect for the development and application of magnesium alloys. Nevertheless, magnesium alloys especially the wrought magnesium alloys haven’t achieved a large-scale industrial application yet, and still remain some issues to be solved. The key bottlenecks that affecting the application of wrought magnesium alloys lie in their low absolute strength and poor plasticity. In the four traditional reinforcement theories, precipitation strengthening, processing hardening can significantly enhance the absolute strength, yet accompanied by further deterioration of plasticity. Generally, solution strengthening is an effective approach to enhance strength, but also do harm to the ductility. Few solid solution elements are found to simultaneously contribute to strength and ductility, and the improvement of solid solution elements on strength and ductility is not satisfactory as well, hence further studied and exploration are still needed. Currently, grain refinement has been proved to be the most effective means for improving both strength and plasticity. The strength and ductility of materials will be significant boosted when the grain size is refined to several microns. In ultra-fine grained steel, it is generally believed that the goal of ultra-fine grained structure is to refine the grain size from dozens of microns to achieve the fine structure of 1—2 μm. In iron and steel materials, the properties of mate-rials can be doubled by using ultrafine grained structure. Accordingly, grain refinement is also one of the focuses of high-performance magnesium alloys. Recent studies have shown that ultrafine grained magnesium alloys also possess favorable strength, plasticity and even low temperature super plasticity. At present, two approaches commonly used for preparing ultrafine grained magnesium alloys are severe deformation and medium-low temperature deformation. The former primarily employs techniques like equal channel extrusion, high pressure torsion, cumulative rolling, multidirectional forging and powder metallurgy to achieve ultra-fine crystallization of grains, which holds a development history and a relatively deep research foundation. The latter is an emerging approach for preparing ultrafine grained magnesium alloys. The ultrafine magnesium alloys with an average grain size about 1 μm can also be successfully obtained, exhibiting a great potential for industrial application. Besides, there are significant difference in the properties of ultrafine grained magnesium alloys with diverse alloy components prepared by severe deformation and medium-low temperature deformation. Therefore, the composition design of alloys also plays a crucial role in preparation of ultrafine grained magnesium alloys in anyone of the approaches. Generally speaking, the leading direction of research on ultrafine magnesium alloys focus on designing various alloy components, optimizing the preparation process, regulating the recrystallization behavior during deformation, and preparing ultrafine magnesium alloys with satisfactory microstructure and excellent performance. In this paper, we review the current status and the preparation approaches of ultrafine grained magnesium alloys with their merits and drawbacks, and analyze the effect of preparation approach and alloy design on microstructure and properties of ultrafine grained magnesium alloys. Finally, we point out the development direction of ultrafine grained magnesium alloys in the future.
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2019, Vol. 33 
