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材料导报  2020, Vol. 34 Issue (11): 11153-11161    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19030026
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
合金元素及时效处理对Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中κ-碳化物的影响特性综述
马涛, 李慧蓉, 高建新, 宋宏伟, 李欣, 李运刚
华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,唐山063210
Effect of Alloying Elements and Aging Treatment on the Properties of Kappa-Carbide in Fe-Mn-Al-C Low Density Steels: a Review
MA Tao, LI Huirong, GAO Jianxin, SONG Hongwei, LI Xin, LI Yungang
College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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摘要 Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢具有密度低、力学性能优良的特性,在汽车结构材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。作为Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中主要的析出相,κ-碳化物的沉淀硬化效应是Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中最为显著的强化机制,对优化低密度钢的力学性能有着重要的作用。
   然而,κ-碳化物的析出形态特征及位置对 Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢性能的作用机制存在差异,且κ-碳化物的形态特征易受到低密度钢合金元素构成及热处理条件的影响。因此,近年来科技工作者对Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中κ-碳化物的形成机制及形态特征影响因素开展了深入的研究,并取得了一定的成果。
   研究结果表明,Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中κ-碳化物的形成机制为调幅分解+有序化反应。低密度钢中Al含量增加有利于促进κ-碳化物的析出与长大,Mn含量对全奥氏体Fe-Mn-Al-C钢中κ-碳化物析出的影响较弱,对双相Fe-Mn-Al-C钢中κ-碳化物的析出有明显的抑制作用。在400~650 ℃的时效温度下,细小的κ-碳化物会在奥氏体基体弥散分布,而在650~750 ℃的较高温度范围内时效时,粗大的碳化物会以片层状形态存在于奥氏体或两相区晶界。κ-碳化物对Fe-Mn-Al-C钢力学性能的影响具有两重性,细小的晶内κ-碳化物能够起到强化作用,而粗大的晶粒间κ-碳化物则造成材料延展性及韧性的损失。
   本文基于国内外研究进展,分析总结了Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中κ-碳化物的形成机理与形态特征的影响因素,以及κ-碳化物形态特性对材料性能的影响规律,并对控制Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢κ-碳化物形态特征方法进行了总结和展望。总结认为Fe-Mn-Al-C钢中Al的质量分数应控制在7%~10%之间,以为κ-碳化物析出提供驱动力,时效处理温度为550~650 ℃,时效时间在1 h以内,以避免形成粗大的κ-碳化物破坏低密度钢的性能,同时展望了通过向Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中添加强碳化物形成元素抑制粗大的κ-碳化物形成的新工艺手段。
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马涛
李慧蓉
高建新
宋宏伟
李欣
李运刚
关键词:  Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢  κ-碳化物  调幅分解  有序化  时效    
Abstract: Owing to the characteristics of low-density and excellent mechanical properties, Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels have broad application prospects in the field of automotive structural materials. Kappa-carbide,as the main precipitate phase in Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels, its precipitation hardening effect is the most significant strengthening mechanism in optimizing the mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels.
However, different precipitation morphology characteristics and locations of kappa-carbides present different effects on the performance and mechanism of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels, and the morphological characteristics of kappa-carbides are easily affected by alloy element composition and heat treatment conditions of low density steels. Therefore,considerable endeavors have been made aiming at the formation mechanism and morphological characteristics of kappa-carbides in Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels through decades, and some results have been achieved.
The results show that the formation mechanism of kappa-carbide in Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels is spinodal decomposition plus ordering reaction. The increase of Al content in low-density steels is beneficial to the precipitation and growth of kappa-carbide. The influence of Mn content on the precipitation of kappa-carbide in austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C steels is relatively poor, inhibiting the precipitation of kappa-carbide in duplex Fe-Mn-Al-C steels obviously. Fine disperse kappa-carbides are well distributed in the austenite matrix of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels at ageing temperatures of 400 ℃ to 650 ℃,while coarse kappa-carbides precipitate in the austenite or two-phase grain boundaries in a lamellar form at higher temperatures of 650—750 ℃. The effect of kappa-carbide on the mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C steels, with its dual nature, can both streng-then in fine intragranular form, and cause the loss of ductility and toughness in coarse intergranular form.
Based on the related research at home and abroad,this paper reviews the influence factors of formation mechanism and structure characteristics of kappa-carbide in Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels as well as the influential rules of structure characteristics of kappa-carbide on the morphological characteristics of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels. The methods of controlling morphological characteristics of kappa-carbides in Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels are concluded and prospected that, the mass fraction of Al element in Fe-Mn-Al-C steels should be controlled between 7% and 10% to provide driving force for kappa-carbide precipitation, with the aging treatment temperature between 550—650 ℃ and the aging time less than 1 hour to avoid the formation of coarse kappa-carbides to damage the properties of low density steels. Moreover, a new process to restrain the formation of coarse kappa-carbide by adding strong carbide forming elements to Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels is prospected.
Key words:  Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steel    kappa-carbide    spinodal decomposition    ordering    aging
                    发布日期:  2020-05-13
ZTFLH:  TG142.1  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51974129);华北理工大学研究生创新项目(2018B21)
通讯作者:  lyg@ncst.edu.cn   
作者简介:  马涛,2017年3月毕业于华北理工大学,获得工学硕士学位。现为华北理工大学冶金与能源博士研究生,在李运刚教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为低密度钢组织性能优化。
李运刚,华北理工大学冶金与能源学院教授、博士研究生导师。1985年5月本科毕业于东北大学有色冶金专业,获工学硕士学位,2005年9月取得东北大学冶金物理化学专业博士学位。长期从事冶金过程理论与工艺、新型金属材料以及资源综合利用的研究开发工作。承担国家科技支撑计划项目2项,国家自然科学基金6项,河北省自然科学基金、支撑计划项目4项及横向科研课题40余项;发表学术论文130余篇,被SCI、EI收录40余篇;出版专著及教材4部;取得国际先进水平以上的鉴定成果6项;申报发明专利16项,授权10项;获省科技进步、自然科学或优秀教学成果奖4项。
引用本文:    
马涛, 李慧蓉, 高建新, 宋宏伟, 李欣, 李运刚. 合金元素及时效处理对Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中κ-碳化物的影响特性综述[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(11): 11153-11161.
MA Tao, LI Huirong, GAO Jianxin, SONG Hongwei, LI Xin, LI Yungang. Effect of Alloying Elements and Aging Treatment on the Properties of Kappa-Carbide in Fe-Mn-Al-C Low Density Steels: a Review. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(11): 11153-11161.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.19030026  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2020/V34/I11/11153
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