Research Progress and Application of Melanin Metal Chelate
REN Yanling1, YANG Liu1, GAO Li1,2, WANG Fang1, SHI Nan1, ZHAO Yinghu3, GUO Lixiao1, WANG Haibin1
1 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051,China 2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China 3 School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China, Taiyuan 030051,China
Abstract: With the development and utilization of biomass resources, the development of melanin has aroused widespread interest among researchers. The inherent structure and function of natural melanin has been gradually developed into applications in biology, medicine and the environment. However, due to the structural characteristics and insoluble properties of its own high polymers, the development of melanin materials has been greatly hindered. Metal chelation is one of the important properties of melanin, and melanin provides multiple potential binding and biosorption sites for metal ions. The study of melanin metal chelate can better synergize the biological activity of melanin and metal ions, expand the application research of melanin and the design and development of metal matrix composites. Compared with melanin resources, melanin metal chelates have more specificity of biological activity and wide application. The development of melanin metal chelate may depend on the different functional groups in the melanin structure, which can provide multiple non-equivalent binding sites for metal ions.These all simplify the preparation process of melanin metal chelate to a certain extent, and thus melanin can spontaneously covalently bond to metal ions by direct synthesis and step synthesis. However, its chelation effect is affected by pH, raw material ratio, time, temperature and metal ions, In order to further explore the formation of chelate structure, properties and the effect of metal ions on melanin structure, it can be analyzed by means of ultrastructural observation, molecular structure determination, metal binding amount and determination of binding sites. At present, the research on melanin chelated metals has achieved initial success. Melanin has an adsorption effect on toxic elements such as mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, molybdenum, uranium and thorium, and is expected to be used in the purification process of water; the exchange performance of melanin and metal ions has important biological significance in maintaining the homeostasis, oxidative stress and dynamic balance of metal ions; chelates formed by the action of melanin and dietary metals, magnetic metals and heavy metals have been applied to electrode materials, catalysts, imaging materials, color printing, photothermal therapy and other fields. In addition, the study of the interaction between melanin and metal ions is also crucial in determining the physical and structural properties of melanin and the properties of melanin metal chelates. In this paper, the research progress of melanin chelated metals is summarized. The preparation, chelation mechanism and characterization of melanin metal chelate are introduced respectively.The application of melanin metal chelate in adsorbent materials, metal element supplements, electrode materials, catalysts and imaging materials is reviewed.The shortcomings of melanin metal chelate at present stage are analyzed and its prospects are expected. Provide reference for the development and research of metal-based functional materials and the comprehensive utilization of melanin.
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2020, Vol. 34 
