A Review on the Influence of Carbon Addition on the Solidification Defects in Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloys
WANG Xiaojuan1,2,LIU Lin1,,HUANG Taiwen1,YANG Wenchao1,YUE Quanzhao1,HUO Miao1,ZHANG Jun1,FU Hengzhi1
1 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China 2 School of Science,Xi'an Polytechnic University,Xi'an 710048,China
Abstract: Nickel-based single crystal superalloy has been widely used in the turbine blade of advanced aircraft engine, due to its characteristic of high temperature resistance and excellent mechanical properties. In order to further improve the high temperature performance, the trace element carbon is completely removed from the initial and then uses in limited quantities, meanwhile the total amount of refractory elements(Re, W, Mo and Ta) addition is gradually increased in modern nickel-based superalloys. The addition of carbon can reduce oxides, improve the purity and castability of alloys. Moreover, it is more important that the addition of carbon can control the solidification defects such as freckles, microporosities, stray grains and low angle grain boundaries, which are caused by the increase of refractory elements. At present, some progress has been made in the study of the effect of carbon about the solidification defects in the nickel-based single crystal superalloys. However, there are still some problems. During directional solidification,the fluid flow within the mushy zone of solid and liquid causes the stagnation of dendritic growth or dendritic melting, which results in the formation of freckle defects. The density difference caused by the segregation of solute elements results in the lower density liquid at the bottom of the interdendritic region flowing to the top of mushy zone. The rise of segregation coefficients of the refractory elements is followed by the fall with the increase of carbon content, which could offset the density diffe-rence and suppress the thermal solutal convection. The tendency of freckle formation is reduced. However, the evidences of the relationship between the time and quantities of carbides precipitation and thermosolutal convection are quite absent. So it is necessary for further research. The formation of microporosities is mainly due to the present of tiny molten pools in interdendritic areas, which is attributed to the difference in the shrinkage of solid and liquid phases in the course of directional solidification. The addition of minor carbon can form carbides and the approp-riate amount of carbides can fill microporosities, which makes the volume fraction of microporosities reduce. At present, the research only stays at the stage of experimental phenomena and general qualitative explanation. Specifically, the relationship between the quantities of carbide addition and microporosity content is not completely clear, so it has attracted much attention. The formation of stray grains is related to the dendritic fragments, supercooled nucleation on mould wall andseed crystal remelting. The addition of minor carbon can suppress thermosolutal convection, reduce dendritic fragments and supercooled nucleation. By this ways, the formation of stray grains can be avoided. The low angle grain boundary is due to dendritic bending and torsional deformation, however it has nothing to do with thermosolutal convection. Although the addition of minor carbon can not prevent the kind of defects, it can play an important role in strengthening the grain boundary. Now the effects of carbon on the stray grains and low angle grain boundaries are very deficient in both experimental phenomena and mechanism analysis, and these need to be studied systematically. In this paper, it reviews the research progress of carbon addition on the solidification defects in nickel-based single crystal superalloys. The types of defects, the effects of carbon on solidification microstructure defects and the mechanism of carbon impact defects are emphasized. The existing problems and future research trends are also put forward. We have confidence that it could provide a theoretical support for improving the mechanical properties of superalloy and product yield.
作者简介: 王晓娟,于2002年7月和2007年6月分别获得陕西师范大学的理学学士学位和工学硕士学位。从2002年7月至今,工作于西安工程大学。现在西北工业大学攻读博士学位,主要从事定向凝固高温合金微观组织和力学性能的研究;刘林,西北工业大学材料学院教授、博士研究生导师。于1988年12月在西北工业大学取得工学博士学位,1990年获德国著名亚历山大·冯·洪堡奖学金,于1991—1992年在德国柏林工业大学和马克斯·普朗克金属学研究所从事客座研究,1993年起在西北工业大学应用物理系担任教授、系副主任,1995年被评为博士生导师,1996—2001年担任西北工业大学科技处处长、校学术委员会秘书长,2002年以后在西北工业大学材料学院任教授、博士生导师。长期从事航空发动机用高温金属材料以及金属凝固理论和技术等方面的研究,以第一或通讯作者身份在Scripta Materialia、Journal of Materials Science & Technology、Superalloys、Journal of Alloys and Compounds、Advanced Engineering Materials、Materials Letters等SCI学术期刊发表研究论文200余篇。主持国家863、国家973、国家自然科学基金、国家重大科技专项等项目20余项。获国家发明奖一项、省部级科学技术奖6项,获得专利13项,合作出版了《先进材料定向凝固》《航空航天材料定向凝固》等学术著作。
引用本文:
王晓娟,刘林,黄太文,杨文超,岳全召,霍苗,张军,傅恒志. 碳对镍基单晶高温合金凝固缺陷影响的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(3): 3148-3156.
WANG Xiaojuan,LIU Lin,HUANG Taiwen,YANG Wenchao,YUE Quanzhao,HUO Miao,ZHANG Jun,FU Hengzhi. A Review on the Influence of Carbon Addition on the Solidification Defects in Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloys. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(3): 3148-3156.
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2020, Vol. 34 
