Abstract: Fiber materials are widely used for noise reduction, especially in the field of aerospace, architecture, automotive, etc. Due to their excellent sound absorption effect in the middle and high frequency bands, which have attracted global attention. Its superior sound absorption properties are attributed to a large number of micropores and gaps inside the material. When sound waves go through the material, the friction between the fibers and air as well as the vibration of the fibers itself, will dissipate the sound energy by converting it into heat energy. Traditional fiber materials exhibit favorable sound absorption effect, while nevertheless suffering some deficiencies: Ⅰ. the absorbance of fiber materials in low-frequency sound wave bands is unsatisfactory, hence leading to the poor protection effect to low-frequency noise. Ⅱ. The fiber materials with good sound absorption effect are usually thicker and prone to deformation, which severely limits their wide application. Ⅲ. The traditional fiber materials are inferior in strength, chemical stability and service life, and in consequence, costly in terms of renewal and maintenance. With continuous attempts, the scheme for developing of fiber materials is no longer limited to using a single material in isolation or traditionally changing materials structure, but is focused on integrative design and construction of new materials which possess simultaneously excellent sound absorption properties, fine comprehensive performance and suitable thickness. At present, the research on fiber-absorbing materials are mainly concentrated on: Ⅰ. research and development of natural fiber composite materials and waste fiber sound absorbing materials; Ⅱ. compounding traditional fiber materials with nanofiber layers to improve their low-frequency sound absorption effect; Ⅲ. the study on the influence of fiber structure changes on the sound absorption performance and the establishment of relevant theoretical models. This paper provides a brief introduction over the sound absorption principle and the common sound absorption theoretical models of fiber-based sound-absorbing materials. It focuses on the research progress of fiber-based sound-absorbing materials, and summarizes the common test methods and the related factors affecting sound-absorbing materials. Moreover, it also gives a critical discussion on the performance optimization and structural design of fiber-based sound-absorbing.
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