Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)are a kind of porous materials by combining metal nodes with organic ligands by strong bonds. Compared with the traditional adsorption materials, MOFs have various advantages, such as adjustable structural, functional diversity, large specific surface area and high porosity. Another unique advantage is that the pores size can be adjusted, and the specific functional groups and active sites can be modified by in situ synthesis or post-modification to obtain the efficient and selective adsorption of different heavy metals and radionuclides from wastewater, which is of great significance to resource recycling and environmental remediation. In this paper, the latest research progresses and corresponding adsorption mechanisms for the adsorption of heavy metals (As, Cr, Hg, etc.)and radionuclides (U, Tc, etc.)are described in detail. And the methods of improving the adsorption of MOFs are summarized. Furthermore, the challenges and problems of MOFs as the adsorbents of heavy metals and radionuclides are proposed.

With the innovation inmaterial science and technology, many new particulate materials have emerged, including particularly nanoparticles (NPs), microplastics (MPs) and biochars (BCs). The unique physical and chemical properties of these materials allow them to be applied in a variety of fields, such as biomedicine, packaging and pollution control. To date, the potential risks of these emerging materials on human health have not yet been fully understood during the application process. Although their cytotoxicity effects and reaction mechanisms have gradually become research hotspots worldwide, few efforts have been put on comparing the health risks of these new particulate materials at pre-sent. The unique properties of these materials, such as small size, high charge density and complex dissolved substances, could not only affect their environmental behaviors, but largely affect their toxic mechanisms and effects on animals, plants and microbial cells. Therefore, the objective of the present article is to compare and discuss how the physical properties of NPs, MPs, and BCs, including particle size, surface charge and dissolution rate, influence their corresponding environmental behaviors in adsorption and aggregation. Subsequently, the toxicity mechanisms (e.g. particle size, surface charge and dissolved substances) of these particular materials on animals, plants and microbial cells were also explored and summarized in the present study. The potential research gaps were analyzed, based on which the suggestions for improvement were present to provide fundamental knowledge in carrying out the risk assessment of emerging materials with similar properties.

In recent years, microneedles have received a lot of attention from researchers because of its advantages of being painless and minimally invasive, safe and efficient. Microneedles have been widely used in the fields of transdermal drug delivery, medical aesthetics and biological diagnosis. However, traditional microneedles, especially those prepared directly from polymer materials, generally have problems such as low mechanical strength, single drug release mode, poor biological sensing performance and simple functions. The clever combination of nanotechnology and microneedles can effectively improve the above problems, due to the unique nano-size, mechanical strength and photoelectric effects of nanoparticles. This paper reviews nanoparticles for microneedles, including inorganic nanoparticles (metal, inorganic non-metal), organic nanoparticles (polymer, lipid) and drug nanoparticles (nanocrystalline drugs, virus-like particles), and describes the role of nanoparticles in increasing mechanical property, synergistic improvement of drug release and immune enhancement are introduced. Finally, the urgent problems need to be solved in this field and the future research directions are discussed.

The desorption of sulfur compounds in fuel oil has been the focus of attention and research. Magnetic metal-organic framework composites Fe₃O₄-COOH@MIL-101 was prepared through solvothermal in situ, and it was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. Based on dynamic adsorption experiments, GC (gas chromatography) was used to investigate the effect of the material on the desulfurization of two kinds of thiophene compounds, benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT). The results show that Fe₃O₄-COOH@MIL-101 composite materials have excellent properties of both MIL-101 and magnetic microspheres. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Fe₃O₄-COOH@MIL-101 on the BT and DBT can reach 7.99 mg/g and 24.60 mg/g, respectively. It has a faster adsorption reaction dynamic and obeys second-order kinetics model.

As a new type of green energy material, metal deuteride has excellent deuterium storage performance, and its importance and widespread application in the energy field have been more and more outstanding. Under the high speed of social and practical applications' development, metal deuteride energy materials will play a more and more important role in the country's energy strategy. The metal deuterides is usually prepared by direct compounding in a high-temperature environment. It is highly susceptible to O₂, CO₂, H₂O, etc in the air atmosphere, especially the high humidity (more than 60%) air atmosphere because of the very active surface chemistry. It can cause changes in the performance of metal deuterides, which may cause safety hazards in severe cases, and the scope of use is limited. At present, a variety of metal deuteride materials such as lithium deuteride, titanium deuteride, zirconium deuteride and cerium deuteride have been prepared successively and have certain applications. This article summarizes the research progress of several common metal deuterides preparation and application according to the cha-racteristics, classification and applications of metal deuterides, summarizes the research status and progress of metal deuterides, and puts forward prospects. The purpose is to summarize data and reference for the research and application of deuterated metals.

Flexible sensor is an important component of flexible wearable electronic devices, which have attracted great attention due to their wide applications in many emerging areas including health-monitoring, human-machine interaction and smart robots. Conventional single-axis pressure sensors are not sufficient for the demands of complex and advanced intelligent systems, while flexible three-dimensional force sensors with unique multi-axis and all-around mechanical detection capabilities have become a popular topic. To achieve the goal of developing the flexible three-dimensional force sensors with high performance, it is necessary to consider multiple factors such as sensing mechanism, structural design, material, and decoupling method. In recent years, many researchers have dedicated to the design and fabrication of high performance flexible three-dimensional force sensors, including innovations in structure design and novel materials, improvement of data processing and machine learning algorithms. These multiple innovations are driving further development in these areas. This article aims to outline the research progress of flexible three-dimensional force sensors. Firstly, various sensing mechanisms of flexible three-dimensional force sensors have been introduced and their characteristics have been analyzed and compared. Additionally, progress in structural design, material, decoupling method, and their interrelationship as well as the applications in the related fields, containing intelligent robot arms, motion detection, human-machine interaction, and wireless health monitoring are summarized. Finally, the current challenges of flexible three-dimensional force sensor are analyzed, and its future development is prospected.

Sensors are convenient, fast and sensitive, and have great potential in various detection fields. Hydroxyapatite(Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HAp) is the main inorganic component of the bone and tooth of vertebrate, and has been widely used as biomaterial.In recent years, it has been widely used for sensing materials and has shown great potential, due to its unique three-dimensional network structure, good stability, excellent adsorption capacity, and ion exchange feature.
The performance of pure HAp is limited when used alone due to the constraints of conductivity and mechanical strength. In order to improve its comprehensive performance, researchers mainly try to modify it by ion-doping (Ag⁺, Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺, etc.) or preparing composite materials with other materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, biological enzymes and so on. Some progress has been made in improving the sensitivity and stability, and reducing the detection limits of HAp. HAp and its composites have better sensing performance for ammonia and alcohol gases than other gases, and can detect lower concentrations of toxic and harmful gases at room temperature. Due to its good ion exchange properties, HAp can detect many heavy metal ions, such as Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, As³⁺, Cd²⁺ and so on, and can be used in the fields of environment protection and medical care. HAp can also be used to detect more than ten kinds of biomass, including uric acid, glucose, L-dopa, etc. If used as a carrier of biological enzymes, it can detect specific substances with excellent selectivity. HAp can also be used as a moisture-sensitive material. Modification by doping metal ions to improve the conductivity is a potential way to improve the humidity sensitivity of HAp. In addition, HAp has also been reported in photo, magnetic and thermal sensing applications.
Firstly, we review the basic microstructure, properties and synthesis methods of HAp briefly. Then we mainly focus on the research progress of HAp and its composite in the fields of gas sensing, ion sensing, biosensing and humidity sensing. Finally, the research direction of HAp as sen-sing materials in the future is prospected.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is two-dimensional layered material with natural tunable band-gap. Very recently, MoS₂ have received much attention owing to its unusual properties and hold great potential for optoelectronic and microelectronic application. In this paper, basic structure and properties of MoS₂ are introduced firstly. Then the common fabrication methods of MoS₂ are analyzed. The applications of MoS₂ in electronic and optoelectronic devices and the prospects for future applications are summarized in the end.

Geopolymer cement is a kind of environment-friendly inorganic cementitious materials. It takes metakaolin rich in resources or industrial solid waste with high silicon, aluminum and low calcium as precursors. And it can be mixed with a variety of other solid wastes and chemical agents to adjust the performance, with good controllability. Compared with Portland cement, its mechanical properties, working performance and durability have great advantages. It is one of the best materials to replace Portland cement in the future. This paper reviewed the research progress of geopolymer cement at home and abroad in the aspects of precursor materials, reaction mechanism, mechanical properties, working performance and durability, and discussed the current problems and future development prospects of geopolymer cement.

As a common building material, asphalt is widely used in pavements, waterproofing, and other construction applications. Asphalt pavements are flat and seamless, making it comfortable for driving and convenient to maintain. As such, it is a popular preference among the various road pavement types. However, asphalt materials typically release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the surrounding environment during construction. These compounds seriously affect air quality and endanger human health. Further research on VOC release characteristics and suppression strategies with respect to asphalt materials is one of the important steps toward adopting and developing green transportation. At pre-sent, research has been conducted regarding the aspects of characterization methods, component characteristics, influencing factors, and suppression strategies. The research results show that there is no universal standard for characterizing VOCs emitted by asphalt, making it difficult to compare and analyze results. Furthermore, the composition characteristics and influencing factors of VOCs are not related to the internal properties of asphalt materials. Moreover, the development of suppression lacks theoretical guidance, which leads to low suppression efficiency and poor performance of asphalt. Accordingly, this paper summarizes the status of research conducted domestically and abroad on VOCs release characteristics and suppression strategies with regard to asphalt materials. The characterization methods, component characteristics, influencing factors, and suppression strategies are introduced. The existing problems and prospects future research are also analyzed.

In recent years, rare earth yttrium has been widely used in various applications, especially in crystalline luminescent materials, due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. And it gradually becomes an important additive in industrial production all over the world. However, China is the world's largest exporter of rare earth yttrium resources, yet the use of rare-earth yttrium processing in industrial production is still at a low level. How to develop and utilize rare earth yttrium resources has gradually become a huge problem on China's industrialization path. In this paper, we have focused on the current research status of Y/Y₂O₃ in related industries, such as luminescent crystals, metallurgy, superconductivity, biomedicine and other important fields, expecting to provide assistance in the design and development of yttrium resources in China.

Magnesium alloy corrosion resistance is poor, in engineering applications often due to corrosion and failure, through surface engineering technology to magnesium alloy surface modification or protection, is an important means used in engineering applications. In this work, the supersonic plasma spray (SPS) process was used to prepare Al-Al₂O₃ composite coating on the surface of AZ61 magnesium alloy, in which the mass fractions of Al₂O₃ were 30%, 50% and 70% (hereinafter referred to as AA30, AA50 and AA70), and the effects of Al₂O₃ content on the microstructure, porosity, electrochemical properties and corrosion resistance of Al-Al₂O₃ composite coatings were studied. The results show that the surface of the coating presents a wave-like morphology formed by the spread and stacking of molten droplets, the powder is fully melted, and the internal bonding of the coating is tight. And the coating was composed of Al, α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ phases. The porosity of AA70 coating was significantly higher than that of AA30 and AA50, reaching 6.71%. In the electrochemical polarization test, each coating showed higher electrode potential and lower self-corrosion current density than that of AZ61 magnesium alloy. The test revealed that AZ61 self-corrosion current density was 5.144 mA·cm^-2, while AA30, AA50 and AA70 self-corrosion current densities were 2.950 mA·cm^-2, 3.084 mA·cm^-2 and 2.496 mA·cm^-2, respectively. The coatings of AA30, AA50 and AA70 showed a lower corrosion rate than that of the base metal AZ61. The electrochemical impe-dance test results showed that the R_ct of the three coatings reached about twice that of the AZ61 magnesium alloy matrix, showing lower anodic solubilization activity. In the salt spray test, a large number of corrosion products and cracks are produced on the surface of AZ61 magnesium alloy. Coatings AA30 and AA50 have a large number of cracks in the coating due to the accumulation of corrosion products, and galvanic corrosion occurs at the interface between the coating and the substrate. Eventually, as the surface of the substrate corrodes, the coating peels off. The coating AA70 has minimal corrosion rate and provides optimum corrosion resistance for long-term protection of the substrate.

Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) ceramic matrix composites have comprehensive properties such as low density, high strength, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and have become one of the important thermal structural material systems. At present, it has been successfully applied to aero-engine thermal structural components, aircraft thermal protection systems, braking systems and nuclear structural components. In this paper, the research progress in preparation and application of C/SiC ceramic matrix composites is reviewed. A series of representative preparation methods of C/SiC composites are introduced, with emphasis on the hybridization process combining various preparation methods. The applications of C/SiC composites in the fields of aerospace thermal structure and thermal protection, brake materials and space camera structures are summarized. A more excellent hybrid preparation process and a new composite material system for different application requirements are prospected. The paper is expected to provide a reference for further research on C/SiC ceramic matrix composites in the future.

The space charge has been a key factor to affect the electrical properties of solid insulation materials. The existence of space charge can cause uneven electric field distribution in polymer, accelerate the aging of insulating materials, and even lead to the breakdown of materials. This paper summarizes the influence factors of space charge accumulation in solid insulation materials, and points out that the accumulation of space charge is closely related to the applied electric field(effects of electric field, electric field type, pre-applied voltage and polarity reversal, etc.), temperature(high temperature, temperature gradient, low temperature), stress, and structure of the dielectrics(such as crosslinking degree, insulation thickness). The suppressed methods to space charge accumulation were summarized from the aspects of electrode materials, surface modification and doping fillers(morphology, size, type and content). The relevant mechanisms of space charge accumulation and suppression are discussed, and the space charge transport mechanism based on trap theory still needs to be further studied.

Geopolymer concrete, a class of newly emerging green building materials prepared from the readily obtainable industrial solid waste, possess a variety of advantages such as low energy consumption & carbon emission and facile production process, as well as excellent compressive strength, acid and alkali resistance, freezing and thawing performance and carbonation resistance. It has displayed notable application potential, and become one of the most promising alternatives to ordinary Portland cement. This paper renders a retrospection of the domestic and overseas research endeavors, a vivid description for the raw materials, mix design, mechanical property, workability and durability of geopolymer concrete, as well as a critical discussion upon the technological problems confronting this novel and prospective engineering material.

As an important part of supercapacitors, electrolyte plays a key role in determining the performance of device. This review briefly discusses about the characteristics and the latest research results of the electrolytes including aqueous, organic liquid, ionic liquid, solid/quasi-solid polymer electrolyte and redox system for supercapacitors. The classification and property of solid/quasi-solid polymer electrolytes are focused, and put forward the development of wide potential window, high ionic conductivity, and stable electrochemical properties of ionic liquids and excellent mechanical strengths and comprehensive properties of gel polymer electrolytes are trends in the field of electrolytes for supercapacitors in the future. Finally, the development prospect of electrolytes for supercapacitors is proposed.

Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, good rate performance, long cycle life and low self-discharge rate, and are currently the most important type of mobile energy storage. The anode of commercial batteries is mainly made of graphite, and its theoretical capacity is low, which is the main bottleneck limiting the capacity of lithium-ion batteries. Silicon, on the other hand, is characterized by high theoretical capacity, suitable operating voltage, high natural abundance, etc. Therefore, it is a typical electrode material for the new generation of lit-hium-ion batteries. However, due to the large volume changes of silicon anodes during charging and discharging, low initial Coulombic efficiency, relatively poor electrical conductivity, and unstable solid electrolyte interface, silicon-based anodes have significant stability problems that hinder practical applications. To solve these problems, modifying silicon anodes with carbon is a more commercial approach. In this paper, the silicon/carbon anode materials in recent years are divided into 0D-nanoparticles, 1D-nanowires and nanotubes, 2D-nanosheets and 3D-micron spheres according to the structure and size of silicon materials, and the structures and electrochemical properties of carbon-based silicon/carbon compo-sites are discussed. In addition, the progress and limitations of the existing silicon/carbon composite anodes are summarized and the prospects for industrialization in this field are highlighted.

Zirconium alloy is widely used in fuel cladding due to excellent properties, and corrosion is one of the main concerns during its service term. Actually, the irradiation in reactor can affect the structure and performance of zirconium alloy, and therefore the research on the corrosion mechanism under irradiation gradually becomes one of the current hot spots. This paper reviews the domestic and foreign related research progress on the effects of irradiation on the microstructure and corrosion properties of zirconium alloys. It mainly includes the difference in the amorphization behavior of the second phase in the Zr-Sn series and the Nb-containing zirconium alloys, so as to analyze the mechanism of different types of second phases intensifying the corrosion effect under irradiation. Based on the analysis and discussion, the new idea for improving the corrosion resistance under irradiation is proposed, which provides reference to the effect of irradiation on corrosion properties of zirconium alloy, and prospects the future research direction of zirconium fuel cladding.

The second generation bio-diesel has the properties of high octane number, low oxygen content and can blend directly with present diesel. The production and application of the second generation bio-diesel can effectively reduce the usage of limi-ted fossil fuel, and thus improve the quality of environment. The research of catalysts is considered as the most crucial part during production of second generation bio-diesel. This article reviews the category, catalytic reaction pathway and the forefront research of catalysts used in oil hydrotreatment. Noble metal catalysts possess high activity by decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathway, but they are expensive. The reaction pathway of conventional molybdenum catalyst is mainly hydrodeoxygenation. Sulfuration of catalyst is necessary before hydrotreatment, which will lead to serious environmental pollution. New-style molybdenum carbide catalyst and nickel catalyst perform catalytic reaction by hydrodeoxygenation pathway and decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathway, respectively. Zeolite as support improves the yield of isomerization alkane in products. Moreover, the prospect of future research of the catalyst is provided.

In order to optimize the preparation method, deeply cognize the properties and extend the application of porous metallic materials, the present paper reviews the preparation methods, properties and applications of porous metallic materials. Preparation methods mainly include the electrodeposition method, dealloying method, solid-state sintering process and liquid solidification. Based on the sound absorption properties, separation performance, thermal and electrical conductivities and catalytic performance of porous metallic materials, the applications of porous metallic materials in automotive industry, aerospace industry and biomedical fields are introduced. The paper ends with a brief description of the future development trend of porous metallic materials,i.e. compositing,introducing gradient and diversifying porous structures.

The scientific issue was investigated for the spherical mechanisms of α phase in near α titanium alloy with erbium, aimed to preparate the α phase with random crystal orientation. A novel high temperature titanium alloy with erbium was studied to clarify the micro-structural evolution on the thermal mechanical conditions. Meanwhile, the micro-structure model was established to clarify the dynamic and static spherical mechanisms of α phase. During the thermal-mechanical deformation, the spherical mechanism of lamellar α colony was the continuous dynamic recrystallization, controlled by the mechanical rotation of the sub-grain followed by dislocation climbing and annihilation by diffusion. During the thermal process, the static spheroidization was developed on basics of the β inserted model. During the thermal-mechanical deformation, the sub-structure was induced by the interaction between the slipping dislocation with b of 1/3[2112]. And then, the mis-orientation was increased to develop to the dynamic recrystallization. During the thermal process, the static spherical process, the equiaxial α_p grains and retained β transformed microstructures were prepared. Furthermore, retained β transformed microstructures consisted of β phase and secondary α_s lamellar with the thickness of 30 nm.

Steelmaking is a high-consumption and high-emission industry. With the task of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality advocated by the state being put on the agenda, it is urgent to develop a low-carbon economy in the steel industry with high carbon emissions. At present, hydrogen metallurgy technology is highly valued, and it is an important development direction in metallurgy field. This paper mainly summarizes the development status of hydrogen metallurgy technology at home and abroad under the background of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, and the development trend of China steel industry under the background of hydrogen metallurgy. Based on the theoretical study of thermodynamics and kinetics of metallurgical process, the advantages and disadvantages of reducing iron oxide by H₂(CO) are compared and analyzed, and the reduction advantages of H₂ are defined. At the same time, the technical bottleneck of current hydrogen metallurgy development is discussed, and the future development of hydrogen metallurgy technology is prospected, which provides theoretical basis for the development of hydrogen metallurgy technology.

The main task for the nuclear shielding design is to block out neutron and γ-ray. Thereby, the radiation shielding materials which combine the shielding ability from neutron and γ-ray are the best candidates. This paper offers an elaborate description of the types, substrate materials and performances of the currently applied neutron and γ-ray combined shielding material, and furthermore, roughly discusses the respective principal problems of these materials. We emphasize the crucial and urgent problem with respect to the mutual exclusion between shielding effectiveness and other performances (e.g. mechanical performance, heat resistant stability, etc.). Finally the review sketches out the prospect of the neutron and γ-ray combined shielding materials, suggesting that the development of structure/function integrated radiation shielding materials is one of the future trends.

Currently, blast furnace ironmaking process and direct reduction method are the most mainstream ironmaking technologies. Blast furnace ironmaking has large capacity and high efficiency, whereas the contradiction between high coke ratio and high energy consumption of blast furnace and the green development of the environment has become increasingly prominent. The innovative research and development of coal-based, gas-based direct reduction or smelting reduction technology continuously develop into efficiency improvement and cost reduction. However, the technology with the high-efficiency utilization of carbon as the core under the existing process is constantly approaching the potential limit of carbon reduction. With the purpose of carbon neutrality and carbon peaks, the steel manufacturing industry is actively developing and exploring alternative reduction technologies for iron ore. The rational use of H₂ in the ironmaking process has become more and more significant in energy reducing and CO₂ emissions. This article discusses the basic research of hydrogen reduction of iron ore, the technical advantages of hydrogen metallurgy and the problems of my country's hydrogen metallurgical technology achievements and development. It was proposed and verified that the microwave irradiation method could obtain iron powder by hydrogen-rich or pure hydrogen smelting. In the comparative experiment, microwave heating has a better reduction effect than conventional heating methods and H₂ had a better reduction rate (78.6%) than that of CO(3.1%) at 1 100 ℃ on iron.

The application market for carbon fiber reinforced resin composite materials (CFRP) is increasing. The wide application and upgrading of CFRP components have brought about the treatment of waste and scrapped products and environmental protection issues. The research on CFRP recycling and reuse technology has caused many manufacturers and the attention of experts and scholars. This article reviews the cha-racteristics, processes and application status of existing CFRP recycling and reuse technologies, analyzes the relationship between the molding process of common CFRP parts and applicable recycling technologies, and discusses the technology, supply, and regulations of CFRP parts recycling technology. Looking forward to the development trend of CFRP recycling technology.

As the earliest alloy in human history, the invention of bronze opened a new chapter in the history of metal smelting. There are more than 30 practical alloy systems that have been used for industrial sectors so far. Eutectic alloys, such as steel (Fe-C), Al-Si alloy, Ag-Cu alloy, have been widely used because of special properties such as low melting point and good fluidity.
High entropy alloys are known as one of the three major breakthroughs in alloying theory in recent decades. Theoretically, more than 7 000 high entropy alloy systems can be designed from 13 kinds of arbitrarily selected common elements. Compared with traditional alloys that based on one element, the design space of high entropy alloys are much larger. Moreover, it is found that high entropy alloys can form simple microstructures such as a simple face-centered cubic, single body-centered cubic or face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic while conventional alloys gene-rally form complex intermetallic compounds. Hence, high entropy alloys owe high strength, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance and other excellent properties. Specific performance changes can be achieved by controlling the composition of high entropy alloys to meet different design needs, so high entropy alloys have great research value and application space.
Eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) have composition characteristics of eutectic alloys and high entropy alloys. EHEAs have gained extensive attention in recent years because of the super strength, plasticity, resistance to friction and corrosion. So far, a variety of new eutectic high entropy alloys have been successfully prepared. The scholars have carried out in-depth research on the growth mechanism and strengthening mechanism of the first eutectic high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 designed by Professor Yiping Lu. EHEAs have gained extensive attention in recent years because of the super strength, plasticity, resistance to friction and corrosion. In this paper, the production of eutectic EHEAs is briefly described, and the achievements are reviewed. Moreover, the composition design, preparation method and studies about EHEAs' properties are mainly introduced, and the prospects for their future development are discussed.

Continuous basalt fibers made by drawing raw basalt ore have been recognized as a kind of high-performance and environmental friendly inorganic mineral fiber, which has a wide range of applications and is of great significance in both industrial development and national defense construction. By reviewing the development of preparation technology for continuous basalt fibers, this paper introduces the crucible and tank kiln method, especially the current common tank kiln production process, as well as the three main influencing factors of tank kiln process including ore raw materials, key equipment and wetting agent. Moreover, this paper briefly introduced the different effects of various elements in basalt fiber on the its properties, and compares the properties and parameters of basalt fiber with other high-performance fibers. It is considered that continuous basalt fiber has excellent comprehensive properties. Combined with the application forms of continuous basalt fiber, its applications are summarized, including the application of geotechnical reinforcement of basalt fiber wire, the application of temperature resistance and heat insulation of wire processed into a variety of fabrics, the application of rock wool and scale, the application of basic profile (composite reinforcement, composite plate, composite pipeline, etc.), and the application of composite materials in many industrial fields or special fields. On the basis of the above, this paper analyzed and prospected the development prospect, crucial fields of application, impact factors of production, preparation technology and industrial expansion of continuous basalt fibers, so that to motivate their engineering level and industrial development in China.

The camouflage mat is a kind of military camouflage technology, it can change the characteristic signal of the original target to effectively counter the detection technology such as visible light, infrared and radar, decrease the gap with the ground or other background characte-ristic signals, and effectively reduce the portability of the detection and destruction. This paper introduces the development status of camouflage mats at home and abroad, and puts forward on the development trend of camouflage mats. It believes that multi-spectrum, portability and low cost are the future development trends of camouflage mats.

Black phosphorus was first successfully synthesized in the bulk form in 1914. After remaining silent for 100 years, the novel 2D-nanomaterial formed by attenuating bulk black phosphorus into the multilayer state, i.e. 2D black phosphorus, was firstly obtained in 2014. This layered 2D semiconductor material consisting of only phosphorus atoms has from then onward been drawing intensive interest in the field of low-dimensional inorganic semiconductor because of its rich variety of special electrical and optical properties such as appropriate tunable direct bandgap, high carrier mobility, high leakage current modulation ratio, relatively high on-off current ratio, good electrical and thermal conductivity and strong in-plane anisotropy. 2D black phosphorus is an intrinsic p-type material with a series of excellent properties, but the production of large-area phosphorene (i.e. monolayer black phosp-horus) film has so far remained unrealized due to the instability of 2D black phosphorus. This article intends to make a review of the research progress on 2D black phosphorus. We here introduce systematically the structure, preparation and properties of 2D black phosphorus, also offer a detailed description of its physical properties (electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, magnetic) and chemical stability. The paper ends with the rough summary and discussion on the research prospect of this emerging new material with sharp momentum.

With the progress of modern science and technology, demands for high-speed operation of electronic equipment make electronic devices develop in the direction of lightweight, miniaturization and integration. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by different devices adversely affects the performance of electronic system, and human health may be harmed after long time exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, the suppression or mitigation of undesirable electromagnetic interference has become an important research direction in the field of materials science. In this review, characteristics, composition and shielding mechanism of different electromagnetic shielding materials, and research progress and applications of electromagnetic shielding technology are summarized.

Carbon fibers (CF) are used as a reinforcement of polymer composites due to excellent performance. However, carbon fibers are hydrophobic and chemical inertness which cause poor interfaces between CF and resin matrices. Thus, it is necessary to carry out the technology which is used to modify the carbon fibers surface. This paper reviews the research development of carbon fibers surface modification at home and abroad in recent years, and these methods play an important role in carbon fibers and resin matrices. Carbon fibers surface modification are classified into chemical modification, dry modification, nanomaterials modification. Specific modification methods are sizing modification, plasma modification, nanoparticles modification and so forth. At the same time, nanomaterials modification is introduced in detail. The article is expected to provide some valuable help for the modification of CF.

Self-lubricating spherical plain bearings with its own outstanding structure and performance is widely used. Especially in aerospace equipment, compared with rolling bearings, self-lubricating spherical plain bearings is characterized by simple structure, maintenance-free and no need to add lubricant, etc. The use of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings in large space-skating equipment can reach thousands of sets, use lighter and smaller self-lubricating spherical plain bearings instead of the traditional rolling bearing, both reducing the weight of the equipment and saving more space available to effectively improve the life time and load carrying capacity. SKF, ELGES and NTN companies have researched self-lubricating joint bearings for more than 60 years, mainly research and development of braided self-lubricating spherical plain bearings and export to all countries of the world. China's self-lubricating joint bearings started lately, most of the civilian self-lubricating bearings from China, and military self-lubricating bearings rely mainly on imports, which to a certain extent, limited the development of our military, especially aerospace fields.
In the past few decades, the reason why China failed to make a breakthrough in self-lubricating bearings and catch up with foreign advanced level, there are two reasons. The first is the preparation of self-lubricating materials, excellent performance of self-lubricating materials to ensure self-lubricating joint bearings in good condition and life, there is a certain gap between our country and foreign countries in the development of braided self-lubricating materials. Secondly, the evaluation system of self-lubricating joint bearing quality and service life is not accurate and perfect enough, and its reliability is low. Only by qualitative analysis, however low degree in quantitative analysis, which restricts the progress of the next research.
Since the American White Charles invented a braided self-lubricating materials in 1955, domestic and foreign scholars committed to studying self-lubricating spherical plain bearings of PTFE, based on its own excellent tribological properties, through the compo-site and surface modification technology to improve the friction and wear of fabrics and mechanical properties. Nowadays, the load of self-lubricating joint bearings up to 200 MPa and the life up to 100 000 times. At the same time, the relevant self-lubricating joint bearing life assessment models have also been come up, which can be effectively used as a specific type of self-lubricating bearings. With the development of aerospace and high-precision instruments, the related industries put forward higher requirements on self-lubricating spherical plain bearings, from the qualitative analysis of the bearing to quantitative calculation, from static detection to dynamic monitoring, the safety and reliability of the use of joint bearings are constantly improved.
The definition, the classification, the lubrication method and lubrication mechanism of common self-lubricating plain bearings are briefly described. the detection method of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings and its corresponding analysis standard are mainly introduced. The research status at home and abroad of the wear-life forecast of the joint bearing is discussed. Finally, the weakness of the technology of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings and the future development direction are prospected.

In this paper, current situation of welding technologies of the 7XXX series aluminum alloys are summarized and prospected. Currently, primary welding processes that use 7XXX series aluminum alloys include arc welding, friction stir welding, laser welding, and hybrid welding. Arc welding consists of three parts:tungsten inert gas arc welding, metal inertia gas welding, and cold metal transfer welding. The welding of aluminum using an aluminum alloy results in well-crafted and highly efficient products. The 5-series welding wires can effectively prevent heat loss and the occurrence of crack-sensitive regions. Friction stir welding is the most widely used aluminum alloy welding method in manufacturing processes. However, it is not suitable for welding joints with complex shapes. Laser welding has recently been introduced in the industry. Future research on 7-series aluminum alloys will focus on hybrid welding, welding using newly-developed welding wires, double-wire welding, and other methods that will expand the scope of engineering.

During the past several decades, the progress in techniques such as extracorporeal procedures including haemodialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as orthopedic, vascular and reconstructive surgery promoted the use of artificial materials in contact with living tissue dramatically. The evolution has highlighted the problems of biocompatibility. In the case of blood contact with any foreign materials induces activation of several host response defense mechanisms such as haemostatic mechanism, with consequences as thrombus formation, occlusion of medical device and embolization, which greatly limits the application of materials in medicine. Therefore, improving the biocompatibility of materials in cadiopulmonary Bypass system, especially the hemocompatibility, is the key to solve this problem. At present, the most effective and widely used technique for improving the biocompatibility of materials is surface coating technology. This paper reviews three main ways to improve the hemocompatibility of materials: build biological inert surface, bionic surface, and load bioactive substances, at the same time introduce several surface coating technologies and their clinical application, such as albumin, polyethylene oxide, SMA, PEMA, phosphorylcholine, glycosaminoglycan, heparin, hirudin, dipyridamole, and others. In the end, give a prospect of improving the hemocompatibility of cadiopulmonary bypass system.

Laser additive manufacturing technology can shape arbitrarily complex parts and is widely used in aerospace, automotive, marine, medical apparatus, and other fields. Depending on the powder delivery method, laser additive manufacturing technology can be divided into selective laser melting technology with pre-positioned powder lay down in the powder bed and laser directed energy deposition technology with simultaneous powder delivery in the powder feeder. Path planning is an essential step in the laser additive manufacturing process. When different path strategies are used, the part forming quality and the mechanical properties can vary greatly, even if the hardware equipment and process parameters remain consistent. Many scholars have conducted extensive research on path planning strategies for different targets. This paper summarizes the current research status of laser additive manufacturing path planning. It compares and analyzes the path planning strategies for two goals:improving the forming quality and mechanical properties. Finally, future research on laser additive manufacturing path planning is prospected to provide a direction for further research.

Dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (DCMC) was selectively oxidized utilizing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and collagen (Col) as raw materials, and the collagen was cross-linked and modified to obtain a new type collagen hemostatic sponge DCMC-Col. The modified DCMC-Col composites were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the thermal stability of the modified collagen was significantly improved, and the triple helix structure of collagen was not destroyed. The total clotting time test confirmed that the hemostatic property of the sponge was optimal when the dosage of DCMC was 15%. The results of water absorption, hemolysis and MTT test results demonstrated that the properties of DCMC-Col could meet the requirements of hemosta-tic materials and it had a good biocompatibility. Therefore, DCMC-Col composite sponge is a new type of hemostatic materials with potential medical applications value.

As halogen-containing flame retardants suffers from toxicity and environmental concerns, phosphorus-containing flame retardants have received increasing attention as alternatives for their environmental friendliness. Since the emergence of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO) as a kind of phosphorus-containing flame retardant, numerous efforts have been successively put in optimizing the synthetic approaches and chemical structure of the DOPO derivatives, and recently fruitful achievements have been made. DOPO-derivatives are considered as favorable alternatives for extensive applications in flame retardant polymer materials because of their high thermal stability, excellent water resistance, and versatile flame extinguishing behavior in the gas phase and condensed phase. DOPO derivatives can be used as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin, polyester and engineering plastics, according to their diverse functional groups. Various DOPO derivatives with P-C, P-N and P-O functional groups have been developed, among which a majority of P-C contained DOPO derivatives act as flame retardants in epoxy resins, while P-N and P-O contained DOPO derivatives are mostly applied in polyurethane foams, engineering plastics and epoxy resins.
The phosphinate derivatives of DOPO are prepared by replacing P-H bond with P-C bond through chemical processes, which mainly include two approaches, namely nucleophilic addition/substitution and molecular rearrangement. In addition, there are primarily two types of P-heteroatoms contained DOPO derivatives, representing by P-O contained phosphonate DOPO-derivatives and P-N contained phosphonamidate DOPO derivatives. In both cases, P-H bond activation of DOPO is crucial step to achieve P-N or P-O bond transformation. According to the literature, Atherton-Todd reaction and using DOP-Cl as starting material constitute the two major reaction pathways for synthesizing DOPO derivatives.
The addition of phosphorus flame retardants is able to endow polymer with satisfactory flame retardant performance. Nevertheless, the introduction of the phosphoric weak bonds of P-O and P-C may exert negative effects on the mechanics of flame retardant polymer. The negative effects of phosphorous groups will be weakened in DOPO derivatives with low loading amount of phosphorus. Therefore, the flame retardant macromole-cular materials with DOPO derivatives are superior in mechanical properties compared with other phosphorus flame retardants.
Understanding the principle of reaction is the key to developing novel DOPO based derivatives. This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to the synthesis principle and approaches of DOPO derivatives, and flame retardant applications, aiming at provide a refe-rence for the synthesis and application of novel flame retardant of DOPO derivatives. It has been proposed that the impact of DOPO derivatives on the mechanical properties of polymers will be the focus of research in the future.

This review categorizes the pozzolanic activity detection methods of pozzolanic materials into direct methods and indirect methods. The direct methods include lime absorption method, pozzolanic reaction degree evaluation and acid/alkali dissolution test; while the indirect methods include physical property method, hydration reaction calorimetry and physical/chemical characteristic parameter method. In order to correctly guide the application of these pozzolanic activity detection methods, this paper introduces and compares the principles and characteristics of each detection method in detail. The direct method can directly measure the degree of reaction between pozzolanic material and Ca(OH)₂, but its operation and analysis process are relatively complicated. The indirect method can evaluate the pozzolanic activity by measuring the influence of the pozzolanic material on the physical and chemical properties of the system or the physical/chemical characteristic parameters of the material itself. Further, we clarify the application scope of each detection method from the perspective of material science. Users should select the approp-riate pozzolanic activity detection method according to the characteristics of pozzolanic material.

Energy and environment are the essential conditions for human survival and development, furthermore, the mutual coordination between them is a vital guarantee for social sustainable development. In recent years, the negative impact of fossil fuels on human survival has gra-dually attracted widespread attention from society. The greenhouse effect is mainly attributed to the release of CO₂ from the burning of fossil fuel. Therefore, the development of efficient and environmental-friendly carbon capture and storage technologies in a low-carbon economy environment play a crucial role in energy recycling and environmental protection.
Utilizing the amine solutions for scrubbing and absorbing CO₂ is one of the most commonly technologies for industrial capture and storage (CCS) (e.g., separating CO₂ from flue gas of power plant flue gas), which can significantly reduce the CO₂ emissions, but also increases the plant energy consumption by 25%~40%, hence leading to an increase in additional costs to a large extent. In addition, other disadvantages of amine scrubbing include corrosion of the equipment by the alkaline solution, loss of solvent, degradation of the amine caused by heat production, and difficulty of separation after capturing. Solid materials such as alkali metal ceramics, solid amines, layered double hydroxides or calcium-based adsorbents for high temperature absorption (chemisorption) are another method of capturing CO₂, while the energy consumption and the sensitivity of water molecules and other components limit their scope of application. In addition, it is also a feasible method to selectively separate the mixed gases with different mechanisms by utilizing polymers or inorganic membranes, yet the membranes with high stability, high selectivity, and high throughput are hard to obtain, and it is necessary to ameliorate the membranes’ adsorption and separation and their selectivity. For solid adsorbents, the capture of CO₂ by porous materials at high pressure is dominated by adsorptive interactions, while selective capture at low pressure or low CO₂ concentrations is primarily influenced by the interaction of adsorbents and a chemical affinity to CO₂.
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit tremendous potential for gas adsorption, especially for CO₂ capture, due to their high crystallinity, high specific surface area and tunable pore structure. Compared with other solid adsorbents, such as activated carbon, zeolites, MOFs have higher adsorption selectivity. Applying it to the carbon capture and storage technology can dramatically broaden the range of CO₂ adsorbents, increase the adsorption selectivity, meanwhile, effectively reduce the costs. Currently, MOFs are expected to capture CO₂ in power plants, separation of CH₄/CO₂ in natural gas, CO₂ collection from vehicles, and even direct capture from the air. Therefore, the development of MOFs mate-rials capable of efficiently adsorbing and separating CO₂ is of great significance for relieving environmental stress.
This paper summarizes the establishment of CO₂ adsorption model and proposes several methods to improve the adsorption capacity of CO₂, such as increasing the density of open metal sites, doping metal or nitrogen atoms, adjusting their pore size or amino-functionalization, and synthesizing MOFs composite materials, and compared the effects of different methods on the adsorption capacity of CO₂ under low pressure. In addition, they are expected to be applied to the capture of CO₂ in post-combustion flue gas, vehicle exhaust and other small emission sources.

In winter construction or concrete engineering with early strength requirements, early strength agent plays an important role in speeding up the construction schedule and improving the quality of concrete, and its content is generally not more than 5% of the mass of cement. At present, the traditional early strength components are unable to meet the requirements of green and high performance concrete. Most of the previous studies about early strength agent are conducted at room temperature, while the research of early strength agent in low temperature environment (especially 5 ℃) is relatively insufficient, and low temperature early strength effect is relatively limited, the mechanism of low temperature early strength is also not clear. With the further development of engineering construction, it is an important research direction to develop low temperature early strength agent which meets the requirements of low temperature early strength and good workability. Based on the classification summary of the performance characteristics, existing problems and action mechanisms of the common early strength components, this paper introduces the research and application of early strength agent in low temperature, and also point out the development direction of low temperature early strength agent.