Research Status and Progress of Ti3AlC2 Ceramic Powder
GAO Lina1, CHEN Wenge1,2, LI Shufeng1,2,*
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China 2 Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Powder Metallurgy Materials and New Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Abstract: Ternary layered Ti3AlC2, an important member of the MAX phases, attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of both metal and ceramic concurrently. As a potential functional and structural material, Ti3AlC2 has wide application prospects as high temperature structural materials, heat exchanger materials, corrosion-resistant components, low-friction-coefficient materials, electrical contact materials, nuclear fuel cladding materials, damage-sensitive parts and so on. However, the synthesis window for Ti3AlC2 is quite narrow. At present, the in-situ reaction method is mostly used to prepare high-purity Ti3AlC2 bulk materials. The purity of the product prepared by this method is difficult to control, the appearance is simple, the size is small, and it is difficult to industrialize. In general, to manufacture the conventional ceramic materials, the corresponding high-purity ceramic powder is synthesized first, and then to prepare the required ceramic materials through different designs of the powder. So, the synthesis of high-purity Ti3AlC2 powder is vital for the manufacture of Ti3AlC2 ceramic materials. In-depth and systematic research has been carried out on the synthesis of high-purity Ti3AlC2 ceramic powder. Currently, the main preparation methods include self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, pressureless sintering, mechanical alloying, mechanical alloying-heat treatment, molten salt, microwave sintering, etc., all of which can prepare micron or nano high-purity Ti3AlC2 powder. Among them, the pressureless sintering method has a simple process and a wide range of applications. Numerous studies have shown that adding additives such as Sn, Si, Ni and B2O3 can significantly reduce the synthesis temperature and increase the purity of the Ti3AlC2 phase in the product. Nano Ti3AlC2 powder with good dispersibility and high purity can be synthesized by molten salt method at a lower temperature, and its morphology and size are controllable. These two preparation methods are superior to others. This paper reviewed the latest research progress of high-purity Ti3AlC2 powder. The preparation technology, synthesis mechanism, property comparison and future application of the Ti3AlC2 powder were summarized. Finally, the urgent problems in the Ti3AlC2 powder research were analyzed and discussed.
1 Barsoum M W. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2000, 28, 201. 2 Wang J Y, Zhou Y C. Annual Review of Materials Research, 2009, 39, 415. 3 Wang X H, Zhou Y C. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2010, 26, 385. 4 Sun Z M. International Materials Reviews, 2011, 56, 143. 5 Eklund P, Beckers M, Jansson U, et al. Thin Solid Films, 2010, 518, 1851. 6 Radovic M, Barsoum M W. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 2013, 92, 20. 7 Zheng L Y, Zhou Y C, Feng Z H. Aerospace Materials and Technology, 2013, 43(6), 1(in Chinese). 郑丽雅, 周延春, 冯志海. 宇航材料工艺, 2013, 43(6), 1. 8 Zhang H, Wang X H, Zhou Y C. Advanced Ceramics, 2019, 40(3), 150(in Chinese). 张辉,王晓辉,周延春.现代技术陶瓷,2019, 40(3), 150. 9 Low I M. Advances in science and technology of Mn+1AXn phases, Woodhead Publishing, UK, 2012. 10 Barsoum M W. MAX Phases: Properties of machinable ternary carbides and nitrides, Wiley-VCH, Germany, 2013. 11 Wang J H. Preparation and properties of layered ceramic Ti3AlC2. Master’s Thesis, Harbin Engineering University, China, 2010(in Chinese). 王家华. 层状陶瓷Ti3AlC2的制备及性能研究. 硕士学位论文,哈尔滨工程大学,2010. 12 Li C. Study on SHS/PHIP prepared technology and the properties and applications of Ti3AlC2 ceramics material. Ph.D. Thesis, Harbin Enginee-ring University, China, 2007(in Chinese). 李翀.Ti3AlC2陶瓷材料的SHS/PHIP制备工艺及其性能与应用研究. 博士论文,哈尔滨工程大学, 2007. 13 Xu W W. Study on the heat treatment of Ti3AlC2 ceramic power and corrosion resistance of the block. Master’s Thesis, Harbin Normal University, China, 2016(in Chinese). 徐微微. 自蔓延燃烧合成粉体Ti3AlC2陶瓷粉体的热处理及块体的耐腐蚀性能研究. 硕士学位论文,哈尔滨师范大学, 2016. 14 Pietzka M A, Schuster J C. Journal of Phase Equilibria, 1994, 15, 392. 15 Tzenov N V, Barsoum M W. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83, 825. 16 Zou Y, Sun Z M, Tada S, et al. Scripta Materialia, 2006, 55, 767. 17 Gao L N, Han T, Guo Z L, et al. Advanced Powder Technology, 2020, 31, 3533. 18 Pazniak A, Bazhin P, Shchetinin I, et al. Ceramics International, 2019, 45, 2020. 19 Lu X P, Zhou Y C. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2010, 7, 744. 20 Akhlaghi M, Tayebifard S A, Salahi E, et al. Ceramics International, 2018, 44, 9671. 21 Sun Z, Li M, Hu L F, et al. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92, 1695. 22 Chen D Q, Tian X J, Wang H M, et al. Materials Letters,2014,129,98. 23 Guo J M, Dai Z F, Liu G Y, et al. 2007, 36(Z1), 124(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 戴志福, 刘贵阳, 等. 稀有金属材料与工程,2007,36(Z1), 124. 24 Liu Y, Zhang J B, Li Y, et al. Materials Reports A: Review Papers, 2015, 29(6), 517(in Chinese). 刘耀, 张建波, 李勇, 等. 材料导报:综述篇, 2015, 29(6), 517. 25 Zhai H X, Ai M X, Huang Z Y, et al. Key Engineering Materials, 2007, 336, 1394.20090196-20090196- 26 Wang W J, Gauthier-Brunet V, Bei G P, et al. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 530, 168. 27 Naguib M, Mochalin V N, Barsoum M W, et al. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26, 992. 28 Naguib M, Kurtoglu M, Presser V, et al. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23, 4201. 29 Mashtalir O, Naguib M, Mochalin V N, et al. Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 1716. 30 Lukatskaya M R, Mashtalir O, Ren C E, et al. Science, 2013, 341, 1502. 31 Naguib M, Jérémy C, Dyatkin B, et al. Electrochemistry Communications, 2012, 16, 61. 32 Zhou Y C, Wang X H, Sun Z M, et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2001, 11, 2335. 33 Song G M, Pei Y T, Sloof W G, et al. Scripta Materialia, 2008, 58, 13. 34 Farle A S, Kwakernaak C, van der Zwaag S, et al. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2015, 35, 37. 35 Whittle K R, Blackford M G, Aughterson R D, et al. Acta Materialia, 2010, 58, 4362. 36 Hoffman E, Vinson D, Sindelar R, et al. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2012, 244, 17. 37 Huang X C, Feng Y, Dou Y, et al. Scripta Materialia, 2016, 113, 114. 38 Barsoum M W. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2001, 148, 551. 39 ChenK X, Guo J M, Ge Z B, et al. Rare Metal Materials and Enginee-ring, 2002, 31(Z1), 20(in Chinese). 陈克新, 郭俊明, 葛振斌, 等. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2002, 31(Z1), 20. 40 Guo J M, Guo Y L, Huang Z L. Journal of Mengzi Teachers’ College, 2002, 4(6), 6(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 郭亚力, 黄兆龙. 蒙自师范高等专科学校学报, 2002, 4(6), 6. 41 Ge Z B, Chen K X, Guo J M, et al. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2003, 18(2), 173(in Chinese). 葛振斌, 陈克新, 郭俊明, 等. 无机材料学报, 2003, 18(2), 173. 42 Guo J M, Chen K X, Liu G H, et al. Journal of Functional Materials, 2004, 35(6), 763(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 陈克新, 刘光华, 等. 功能材料, 2004, 35(6), 763. 43 Guo J M, Chen K X, Ge Z B, et al. Rare Metal Materials and Enginee-ring, 2003, 32(7), 561(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 陈克新, 葛振斌, 等. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2003, 32(7), 561. 44 Guo J M, Chen K X, Ge Z B, et al. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2003, 39(4), 409(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 陈克新, 葛振斌, 等. 金属学报, 2003, 39(4), 409. 45 Guo J M, Chen K X, Zhou H P, et al. Acta Materiae Composite Sinica, 2004, 21(3), 59(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 陈克新, 周和平, 等. 复合材料学报, 2004, 21(3), 59. 46 Wang Z D, Hu H Q, Li Q C. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 1995, 8, 137. 47 Ge Z B, Chen K X, Guo J M, et al. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2003, 23, 567. 48 Guo J M, Chen K X, Ge Z B, et al. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2003, 18(1), 251(in Chinese). 郭俊明, 陈克新, 葛振斌, 等. 无机材料学报, 2003, 18(1), 251. 49 Ge Z B, Chen K X, Zhou H P. Key Engineering Materials, 2002, 224, 539. 50 Jiang B C, Liu F F, Tang L Y, et al. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2015, 38(5), 29(in Chinese). 姜炳春, 刘方方, 唐联耀, 等. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2015, 38(5), 29. 51 Lopacinski M, Puszynski J, Lis J. Journal of American Ceramic Society, 2001, 84, 3051. 52 Tomoshige R, Matsushita T. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 1996, 104, 94. 53 Wang C A, Qi L, Zhou A G, et al. Rare Metal Materials and Enginee-ring, 2003, 33, 41. 54 Wang C A, Qi L, Zhou A G, et al. In: 2003 Annual Meeting of Chinese Ceramic Society. Beijing, China, 2003, pp.326(in Chinese). 汪长安, 齐亮, 周爱国, 等. 中国硅酸盐学会2003年学术年会. 北京, 2003, pp.326. 55 Peng C Q, Wang C A, Huang Y. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2005, 34(Z1), 540(in Chinese). 彭春庆, 汪长安, 黄勇. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2005, 34(Z1), 540. 56 Peng C Q, Wang C A, Qi L, et al. Materials Science Forum, 2005, 475, 1247. 57 Peng C Q, Wang C A, Song Y, et al. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2006, 428, 54. 58 Ai M X, Zhai H X, Zhou Y, et al. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2006, 89, 1114. 59 Li S, Xiang W H, Zhai H X, et al. Materials Research Bulletin, 2008, 43, 2092. 60 Po L, Lin T W, Xiong N, et al. Powder metallurgy industry, 2011, 21(4), 33(in Chinese). 卜蕾, 林同伟, 熊宁, 等. 粉末冶金工业, 2011, 21(4), 33. 61 Panigrahi B B, Gracio J J, Chu M C, et al. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2010, 7, 752. 62 Li L, Zhou A G, Li Z Y, et al. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2013, 32(1), 132(in Chinese). 李良,周爱国,李正阳,等. 硅酸盐通报, 2013, 32(1), 132. 63 Li L, Chen Y Q, Ma S B, et al. Journal of Nanyang Normal University, 2020, 19(6), 24(in Chinese). 李良,陈玉奇,马世榜,等. 南阳师范学院学报,2020, 19(6), 24. 64 Li L, Zhou A G, Xu L, et al. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition, 2013, 28, 882. 65 Yang C, Jia S S, Jin S Z, et al. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2007, 36(Z3), 282(in Chinese). 杨晨,贾树胜,金松哲,等,稀有金属材料与工程,2007,36(Z3),282. 66 Yang C. Preparation of machinable conductive ceramics Ti3AlC2 and Cu/Ti3AlC2 composites. Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University, China, 2009(in Chinese). 杨晨. Ti3AlC2可加工导电陶瓷及其铜基复合材料的研制. 博士学位论文, 吉林大学, 2009. 67 Yang C, Jin S Z, Xu C Y, et al. Key Engineering Materials, 2008, 368, 983. 68 Yang C, Jin S Z, Liang B Y, et al. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209, 871. 69 Yang C, Jin S, Liang B, et al. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2009, 472, 79. 70 Li S B, Zhai H X, Bei G P, et al. Ceramics International, 2007, 33, 169. 71 Wang X Y, Wu L L, Gao H, et al. Scientia Sinica Chimica, 2018, 48(3), 289(in Chinese). 王新宇, 武立立, 高红, 等. 中国科学:化学, 2018, 48(3), 289. 72 Li S B, Zhai H X, Bei G P, et al. Materials Science & Technology, 2006, 22, 667. 73 Zhao Q Z. China Ceramics, 2018, 54(6), 62(in Chinese). 赵秋植. 中国陶瓷, 2018, 54(6), 62. 74 Jin S Z, Wang L, Wu H, et al. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2008, 29(3), 35(in Chinese). 金松哲, 王蕾, 吴化, 等. 材料热处理学报, 2008, 29(3), 35. 75 Wang M Z, Liang B Y, Han X. Journal of Yanshan University, 2009, 33(1), 1(in Chinese). 王明智, 梁宝岩, 韩欣. 燕山大学学报, 2009, 33(1), 1. 76 Han X, Wang M Z, Liang B Y. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2010, 39(Z1), 204(in Chinese). 韩欣, 王明智, 梁宝岩. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2010, 39(Z1), 204. 77 Liang B Y, Wang M Z, Wang L. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2012, 17(3), 327(in Chinese). 梁宝岩, 王明智, 王蕾. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2012, 17(3), 327. 78 Liu K X, Jin S Z. Journal of Changchun University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 33(1), 106(in Chinese). 刘可心, 金松哲. 长春工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 33(1), 106. 79 Liu K X, Jin S Z. Journal of Changchun University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 33(1), 106. 80 Liu K X. Preparation and characterize of Ti3AlC2/Al composite material. Master’s Thesis, Changchun University of Technology, China, 2012(in Chinese). 刘可心. Ti3AlC2/Al复合材料的制备与表征. 硕士学位论文, 长春工业大学, 2012. 81 Liu K X. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2014, 33(5), 1138(in Chinese). 刘可心. 硅酸盐通报, 2014, 33(5), 1138. 82 Liu K X, Jin S Z, Yang C. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2015, 44(12), 3715(in Chinese). 刘可心, 金松哲, 杨晨. 人工晶体学报, 2015, 44(12), 3715. 83 Zhu J F, Qi G Q, Yang H B, et al. Materials Science Forum, 2010, 658, 181. 84 Galvin T, Hyatt N C, Rainforth W M, et al. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018, 38, 4585. 85 Lei Y. The research on synthesis and application of ternary layered carbide Cr2AlC. Master’s Thesis, Xihua University, China, 2013(in Chinese). 雷宇. 三元层状碳化物Cr2AlC陶瓷粉体的合成及应用研究. 硕士学位论文,西华大学,2013. 86 Yang L X, Wang Y, Zhang H L, et al. Materials Research Letters, 2019, 7, 361. 87 Li Z, Wang L, Sun D, et al. Mater Sci Eng. B, 2015, 191, 33. 88 Liu H J, Wang Y, Yang L X, et al. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2020, 37, 77. 89 Chen W H, Tang J C, Shi X W, et al. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2020, 17, 778. 90 Tang H. Reactive synthesis of polycrystalline Ti3AlC2 and its sintering mechanism. Ph.D. Thesis, Hefei University of Technology, China, 2016(in Chinese). 汤海. Ti3AlC2的制备及其烧结机理研究. 博士学位论文,合肥工业大学,2016. 91 Qian X K. Research on combustion synthesis and properties of layered Ti3AlC2. Ph.D. Thesis, Harbin Institute of Technology, China, 2010(in Chinese). 钱旭坤. 层状Ti3AlC2的燃烧合成及其性能研究. 博士学位论文,哈尔滨工业大学,2010. 92 Li X C, Zheng L L, Qian Y H, et al. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2017, 33, 596. 93 Wang X H, Zhou Y C. Acta Materialia, 2002, 50, 3143. 94 Scabarozi T, Ganguly A, Hettinger J D, et al. Journal of Applied Phy-sics, 2008, 104, 703. 95 Barsoum M W, Salama I, El-Raghy T, et al. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2002, 33, 2775. 96 Feng W, Xie C, Cai S, et al. Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 51, 5606. 97 Dan L, Ying L, Liu X, et al. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2010, 30, 3227. 98 Li D. Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Ti3AlC2 and Nb4AlC3. Master’s Thesis, Northeastern University, China, 2008(in Chinese). 李丹. Ti3AlC2及Nb4AlC3电化学腐蚀性能研究. 东北大学, 硕士学位论文, 2008. 99 Zhou W B, Mei B C, Zhu J Q, et al. JiangSu Ceramics, 2003, 36(3), 12(in Chinese). 周卫兵, 梅炳初, 朱教群, 等. 江苏陶瓷, 2003, 36(3), 12. 100 Liu J J, Li S L. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2006, 11(2), 63(in Chinese). 刘继进, 李松林. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2006, 11(2), 63. 101 Zhou W, Zhai H X,Huang Z Y, et al. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2006, 34(5), 11(in Chinese). 周韡, 翟洪祥, 黄振莺,等. 硅酸盐学报, 2006, 34(5), 11.