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材料导报  2022, Vol. 36 Issue (7): 21090166-11    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21090166
  表面工程材料与技术 |
三元MAX相层状陶瓷材料高温摩擦学性能研究进展
朱咸勇1,2, 丁振宇1, 马国政2, 朴钟宇1, 付田力2,3, 周雳2, 于天阳2, 郭伟玲2, 王海斗2,3
1 浙江工业大学机械工程学院,杭州 310014
2 陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京 100072
3 陆军装甲兵学院机械产品再制造国家工程研究中心,北京 100072
Research Progress on High Temperature Tribological Properties of Ternary MAX Phase Layered Ceramic Materials
ZHU Xianyong1,2, DING Zhenyu1, MA Guozheng2, PIAO Zhongyu1, FU Tianli2,3, ZHOU Li2, YU Tianyang2, GUO Weiling2, WANG Haidou2,3
1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
3 National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
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摘要 随着现代工业的发展,传统润滑油脂难以满足高温工况下零部件的润滑需求,三元MAX相层状陶瓷材料作为一种具有自润滑性能的新型材料,在高温耐磨自润滑领域得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。MAX相材料自润滑原理为:在摩擦力、热作用力下,M位和A位元素扩散至材料的表面并与环境中的氧气结合,持续生成稳定的氧化物润滑膜,该润滑膜能有效地降低材料的摩擦系数和磨损率。目前,通过试验合成的MAX相已多达80余种,其中研究最为广泛的三种材料体系为钛硅碳及其复合材料、钛铝碳及其复合材料和铬铝碳及其复合材料。
本文主要介绍了MAX相材料及其复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能,通过分析可发现MAX相陶瓷复合材料的组成、工况条件及制备工艺技术对材料的摩擦学性能有重要影响。MAX相复合材料成分之间需要良好的润湿性,以便于形成致密均匀的复合材料,如钛硅碳与镍的润湿性不佳,但与铜的润湿性较好。MAX相自润滑材料在低于400 ℃的温度及轻载条件下难以形成稳定的氧化物润滑膜;同时较低温度的制备技术能有效地防止MAX相材料在制备过程中热分解,更有利于材料表面润滑膜的形成。值得注意的是,钛铝碳材料在室温环境下能向其表面释放碳元素并石墨化,其室温至400 ℃的摩擦学性能优于其他MAX相材料。通过对不同A位元素的MAX相材料分析对比发现,Al元素在材料中的扩散速度高于Si、Ge等元素,故与含硅MAX相复合材料相比,含铝MAX相材料氧化膜形成速度更快且抗氧化性更优,同时原位生成的氧化物能修复材料中微纳米级的裂纹。
本文还介绍了一些在核工业、储能材料、超导材料等特殊领域具有应用潜力的新型MAX相材料,最后分析总结了MAX相材料本征特征及制备技术对其大范围工程应用的一些限制,并展望了其在宽温域自润滑材料及复杂工程零部件上的应用前景和研究方向,以期为MAX相材料在高温耐磨自润滑领域的工程应用提供参考。
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朱咸勇
丁振宇
马国政
朴钟宇
付田力
周雳
于天阳
郭伟玲
王海斗
关键词:  MAX相  高温自润滑  摩擦系数  磨损率    
Abstract: With the development of modern industry, traditional lubricating greases are difficult to meet the lubrication requirements of parts under high temperature conditions. As a new high-temperature self-lubricating material with a ternary laminar structure, MAX phase has received extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad in the field of high-temperature wear-resistant self-lubrication. The self-lubricating principle of MAX phase materials is that the M-position and A-position elements diffuse to the surface of the material and combine with the oxygen in the environment under the friction or thermal force, continuously forming a stable oxide lubricating film which can effectively reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of the material. More than 80 kinds of MAX phases can be synthesized through experiments. Three of the most widely studied material systems are titanium-silicon carbon and their composites, titanium-aluminum carbon and their composites, and chromium-aluminum carbon and their composites.
This paper focuses on the mechanical and tribological properties of the above three MAX phase materials and their composites. It is analytically found that the composition, working conditions and preparation technology of MAX phase ceramic composites have an important impact on the tribological properties of the materials. Good wettability is required between the components of MAX phase composites in order to form dense and uniform composites. For example, titanium silicon carbon has poor wettability with nickel but good wettability with copper. MAX phase self-lubricating material is difficult to form stable oxide lubricating film at lower temperature than 400 ℃ and under light load, and meanwhile the preparation technology at lower temperature can effectively prevent MAX phase materials from the thermal decomposition in the preparation process, which is more conducive to the formation of lubricating film on the surface of materials. It is worth noting that the titanium-aluminum-carbon material can release carbon to the surface and graphitize at room temperature, and its tribological properties at room temperature to 400 ℃ are better than other MAX phase materials. Through the analysis and comparison of MAX phase materials with different A-site elements, it is found that the diffusion rate of Al in the material is higher than that of Si, Ge and other elements, so the oxidation film formation rate and oxidation resistance of aluminum containing MAX phase materials are better than that of silicon containing MAX phase composites. At the same time, the oxides formed in situ by aluminum containing MAX phase materials can repair micro and nano cracks in the materials.
Some new MAX phase materials with application potential in special fields, such as nuclear industry, energy storage materials and superconducting materials, are also introduced in this paper. Finally, the intrinsic characteristics and preparation technology of MAX phase materials are analyzed and summarized, and their application prospect and research direction in wide temperature range self-lubricating materials and complex engineering parts are prospected, in order to provide reference for the engineering application of MAX phase materials in high temperature wear-resistant self-lubricating field.
Key words:  MAX phase    high temperature self-lubricating    friction coefficient    wear rate
发布日期:  2022-04-07
ZTFLH:  TB35  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52075543;52122508;52130509)
通讯作者:  zyding@zjut.edu.cn; magz0929@163.com   
作者简介:  朱咸勇,2015年6月于华东交通大学获得工学学士学位。现为浙江工业大学机械工程学院博士研究生,在丁振宇副研究员和马国政副研究员的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为表面工程。
丁振宇,浙江工业大学机械工程学院副研究员、博士研究生导师。2007年浙江工业大学测控技术与仪器专业本科毕业,2010年浙江工业大学化工过程机械专业硕士毕业,2013年浙江工业大学化工过程机械专业博士毕业后到浙江工业大学工作至今。目前主要从事疲劳断裂、减振技术和功能安全分析技术研究工作。发表论文10余篇,包括International Journal of Fatigue、Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics、Engineering Fracture Mechanics等。
马国政,陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室副研究员。2008年西北工业大学材料成型及控制工程专业本科毕业,2014年解放军装甲兵工程学院材料加工工程专业博士毕业后留校工作至今,目前主要从事装备极端工况摩擦学和表面强化改性涂层等方面的研究工作。发表论文100余篇,包括Nano Letters,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,Journal of Materials Science & Techonlogy等。2016年入选中国科协青年人才托举工程,2021年获得国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金。
引用本文:    
朱咸勇, 丁振宇, 马国政, 朴钟宇, 付田力, 周雳, 于天阳, 郭伟玲, 王海斗. 三元MAX相层状陶瓷材料高温摩擦学性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(7): 21090166-11.
ZHU Xianyong, DING Zhenyu, MA Guozheng, PIAO Zhongyu, FU Tianli, ZHOU Li, YU Tianyang, GUO Weiling, WANG Haidou. Research Progress on High Temperature Tribological Properties of Ternary MAX Phase Layered Ceramic Materials. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(7): 21090166-11.
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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21090166  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I7/21090166
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