Research Progress of Daytime Radiative Cooling Materials
WAN Zhongyixin, LIU Dongqing, YU Jinshan
Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Abstract: Radiative cooling is a new type of cooling method that has attracted much attention. In this way, it could transfer energy in the form of heat radiation to outer space through the atmospheric transmittance window (ATW) by the materials, thus realizing passive cooling. Generally, the materials suitable for daytime radiative cooling should be highly emissive within the wavelength range from 8 to 13 μm, and its absorption in the solar spectrum should be less than 5%. Radiative cooling technology has broad application prospects which could provide green and low-consumption solutions to building energy efficiency, cooling costume, refrigerated condensation, battery cooling and other problems. Currently, the cooling power of radiative cooling technology indeed can not achieve the expected objectives, and the key reason lies in the mismatch of spectral curve between radiator and ideal radiative coolers. Hence, many conventional materials with new-designed structures have been put forward to promote this technology. Those newly developed radiative cooling materials simultaneously possess high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and high emissivity in the ATW by constructing radiators with photonic band gaps or Mie scattering structures. With structural design, such as polymer doped nanoparticles and stacking of materials with different refractive indices,radiative cooling materials are more consistent with the ideal radiative coolers' spectral characteristics. Some polymers have a high emissivity in the ATW, and meanwhile, effectively reduce the heat input from heat conduction and heat convection. It has been suggested by some research results that the combination of complementary doped nanoparticles with polymer could cover the whole target band and greatly enhance the cooling power. Some research brought in photonic crystals to block the propagation of an electromagnetic wave with specific wavelength. By alternately arranging of different refractive index layers, the overall absorption of sunlight can be reduced without affecting the infrared radiation of the emissive layer. This paper mainly reviews recent advancement of daytime radiative cooling materials, which are, according to their structure, divided into thin films, coatings, fabrics and bulks, and also summarizes the applications of radiative coolers in buildings and battery cooling.
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2022, Vol. 36 
