Research Progress on Functional Surface Modification of Biodegradable Metals
LI Huafang1,2, ZHENG Yixing1, WANG Luning1,2
1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2 State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract: In recent years, biodegradable metals, including magnesium-, iron- and zinc-based alloys, have become attractive research topics due to their excellent biodegradation performance and biocompatibility. Biodegradable metals can be degraded and absorbed by the human body during/after fulfilling the mission to assist with tissue healing and can avoid the requirement for a secondary removal surgery. However, previous studies have shown that there are still some deficiencies in the practical clinical application of the three biodegradable metals. For example, the in vivo degradation rate of magnesium and magnesium-based alloy is too fast;on the other hand,the in vivo degradation rate of iron and iron-based alloy is too slow and the low mechanical properties of zinc and zinc-based alloys limit their application. In addition, as one kind of biomedical material, it is necessary to be afforded properties such as biocompatibility, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, appropriate mechanical properties, osseointegration, high hardness, ductility, and antibacterial activity according to different clinical applications. In order to improve the properties of biodegradable metals, approaches such as alloying, subsequent treatment and surface modification can be utilized. Nevertheless, it is difficult to control the local corrosion of implants and ensure the mechanical integrity of implants by adding alloying elements. Surface modification is the simplest and most effective method to improve the properties of biodegradable metals with low cost. In view of this aspect, functional surface modification technology of biodegradable metals has been introduced. Functional surface modification technology can not only control the corrosion behavior of biodegradable metals, but also improve their biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, anticoagulant activity, anticoagulant property and osteogenic properties according to different clinical requirements. Currently, various surface modification techniques such as conversion coating, deposition coating, composite coating, etc. have been proved to be effective in improving the properties of biodegradable metals. Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys are the most widely studied biodegradable metals, and various modification technologies have been shown to significantly reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys. The surface modification technology for iron and iron-based alloys mainly focuses on pure iron and Fe-Mn alloys, but the current surface modification technology is difficult to improve the biodegradation behavior. Zinc and its alloys are a new generation of biodegradable metals. The existing surface modification technology is mainly to enhance their biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize the research on functional surface modification of biodegradable metals and the future research trend has been prospected as well.
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2021, Vol. 35 
