电弧放电法制备碳纳米管研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.19020145

材料导报

2020, Vol. 34

Issue (11): 11129-11136 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19020145

无机非金属及其复合材料

电弧放电法制备碳纳米管研究进展

阮超, 陈名海

江西铜业技术研究院有限公司,南昌335400

Research Progress on Arc Discharging Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

RUAN Chao, CHEN Minghai

Jiangxi Copper Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd, Nanchang 335400, China

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摘要碳纳米管作为一种一维纳米材料具有独一无二的力学、光学、电子、热稳定及化学稳定特性,主要被应用于锂离子电池电极材料、金属、树脂、塑料、橡胶的改性增强领域。但碳纳米管也存在缺点,尤其是其合成结构的不可控性,严重阻碍了它的进一步应用。因此,探索出制备高品质大规模碳纳米管的生产技术迫在眉睫。目前,碳纳米管常用的合成方法有化学气相沉积、电弧放电和激光烧蚀,相比于其他两种方法,电弧放电法更为经济、高效。采用电弧法合成的碳纳米管纯度高达90%,石墨化程度远胜化学气相沉积法。同时,单次电弧实验时间在1~30 min之间,电源输出功率在750~3 000 W之间,且单次碳纳米管产量高达15 g,复合石墨电极的转化率高于75%。
根据引弧介质的不同,电弧法可分为真空电弧放电与溶液电弧放电。溶液中碳纳米管的产量很低,因此溶液电弧放电法未得到推广;目前真空介质的研究则非常成熟,真空电弧放电法具有合成设备简单、操作便捷、产物品质高等优势,但其生长机理存在较大争议。电弧法的影响参数主要包括电源类型、引弧气体类型与压力以及催化剂体系。其中,最为成熟的工艺是采用直流电源、氦气引弧、钇镍两相催化进行放电实验。
本文归纳了电弧放电法制备碳纳米管的研究进展,分别介绍了电弧放电法生长碳纳米管的装置构造与反应机理、对电弧放电法产生影响的参数,分析了电弧放电法合成碳纳米管面临的难题以及可改善空间,以期为制备高品质、高石墨化程度、规模化的碳纳米管提供借鉴。

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	阮超
	陈名海

关键词: 电弧放电碳纳米管电源气氛气压催化剂

Abstract: One-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique mechanical, optical and electronic properties, as well as thermal and chemical stability, which have been mainly applied in the modification of lithium ion battery electrode materials, metals, resins, plastics and rubber. Meanwhile, CNTs are suffering serious structure problem, which hinders their application prospect. Therefore, it is urgent to explore large-scale production technology for preparing high-quality CNTs.Currently, the common synthetic methods for CNTs include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), arc discharge and laser ablation, in which arc discharge is famous for preparing high graphitization degree of CNTs.The purity of CNTs produced by arc discharge can reach as high as 90%, and the degree of graphitization is better than that fabricated by CVD process. Usually, the time of a single arc experiment is between 1 min and 30 min, yielding 0.1—15 g CNTs. The output power is between 750 W and 3 000 W, and the conversion rate of the composite graphite can reach 75%. Therefore, the arc discharge is an economy, high efficiency and high conversion rate process.
According to the arc-ignition medium, the arc method can be divided into vacuum arc discharge and solution arc discharge. The yield of CNTs is very low in the solution medium while the vacuum arc discharge is very mature. The vacuum arc discharge has the advantages of simple manufacturing equipment, convenient operation and high product quality.The growth mechanism of vacuumarc discharge includes solid phase, gas phase and liquid phase,the coexistence of two or three phases are also proposed, leading to great controversy. The type of power source, atmosphere and pressure, catalyst are main parameters influencing the arc discharge experiment. Up to now,the most common conditions used in the vacuumarc discharge are direct current, xenon atmosphere, and yttrium-nickel two-phase catalyst.
This review offers the progress in arc discharging synthesis of CNTs. We firstly provide the arc furnace and growth mechanism of CNTs via arc discharge method. And then we focus on the parameters affecting the arc discharge process, mainly including the type of power source,atmosphere and pressure, and the catalyst. We have confidence that the arc discharge method has a bright future in the development of high quality, high graphitization degree and large-scale production of CNTs.

Key words: arc discharge carbon nanotubes power source atmosphere gas pressure catalyst

发布日期: 2020-05-13

ZTFLH:

O6-1

通讯作者: mhchen2008@sinano.ac.cn

作者简介: 阮超,2013年毕业于黑龙江大学,获得无机化学理学学士学位。现为江西铜业技术研究院有限公司研发工程师。目前主要研究领域为碳纳米材料,主要包括氮化硼纳米管的合成与高纯单壁碳纳米管的批量化生产。
陈名海,江西铜业技术研究院有限公司碳纳米材料首席科学家、中组部“万人计划-青年拔尖人才”。2006年毕业于中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,获得材料物理与化学博士学位,随后在韩国科学技术院进行博士后研究,2008年回国加入中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所,2019年加入江西铜业技术研究院有限公司,受聘首席科学家。先后入选江苏省“333工程”人才、江苏省六大人才高峰、江西省“双千计划”人才。主要从事纳米碳材料制备与应用研究工作,发表学术论文90余篇,申请发明专利70多项。

引用本文:

阮超, 陈名海. 电弧放电法制备碳纳米管研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(11): 11129-11136.
RUAN Chao, CHEN Minghai. Research Progress on Arc Discharging Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(11): 11129-11136.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.19020145 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2020/V34/I11/11129

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