Crystal Structure, Thermal Conductivity Mechanism and Surface Modification of High Thermal Conductivity Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials
LI Peiyue1,2,3, MA Liyun1,2,3, XIE Enjun1, REN Zijie3, ZHOU Xinjun1,2 , GAO Huimin3, WU Jianxin1,2
1 Bengbu Design and Research Institute for Glass Industry, Bengbu 233018, Anhui, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Float Glass New Technology, Bengbu 233018, Anhui,China 3 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Abstract: Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomaterials, such as boron nitride nano-particles, boron nitride nanotubes, boron nitride nanofibers and boron nitride nanosheets, have been among the most promising inorganic nanomaterials in recent years. Their unique properties, including high mechanical stiffness, wide band gap, excellent thermal conductivity and thermal stability, suggest many potential applications in various material fields, such as CCL, EMC, TIMS, LED and PCMs. Like other nanomaterials, prior to their utilization in nanocomposites, surface modification of h-BNs is often necessary in order to improve their dispersion and interfacial properties in polymer nanocomposites, so as to finally improve the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of polymer composites. However, the special crystals of h-BNs make it high chemical inertness and resistance to oxidation. First of all, similar to graphene, B atom and N atom are connected by strong covalent bond in each h-BN layer. However, due to the difference in electronegativity of B and N, the covalent bonds between B and N atoms are partially ionic, in contrast to the C-C bonds in graphitic structures, which makes the B-N bonds stronger and more difficult to break. Secondly, the peculiar stacking sequence of atomic planes of h-BNs are superposed as in AA′ stacking sequence different from AB stacking sequence of graphite planes. The “Lip-lip” interactions caused by the alternating accumulation of B and N atoms in adjacent layers makes the polar interaction between layers stronger than the van der Waals force between graphite layers. In addition, h-BN has almost no functional groups except for the trace amount of hydroxyl groups and amino groups on the edge planes during the synthesis process, which greatly aggravates the difficulty of surface modification of h-BN. Therefore, many new methods and agents have been used to modify h-BN nanomaterials, because commonly used method for carbon nanomaterials to modify h-BN was not very successful. In this paper, on the basis of crystal structures, synthesis methods and surface properties of h-BN, the design and selection of modification agents and their influence on the performances of the composites are summarized with respect to covalent bond and non-covalent bond functional modification. At last, this review proposes concrete research approaches for h-BN functionali-zation and provides perspectives for the design and selection of modified agents.
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