Advances in Large-scale Three Dimensional Printing Technology Applied in Construction Industry
ZHU Binrong, PAN Jinlong, ZHOU Zhenxin, ZHANG Yang
Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189
Abstract: Applying 3D printing technology in the construction industry is one of the hot issues in current engineering field due to its automation and intelligentization, However, there are still many unsolved problems in designing method, printing material, printing equipment and construction technology, which hinder its further promotion and application. Implementation of 3D printing technology in the construction industry is still in the prototype stage at present. Compared with traditional building construction, 3D printing technology has following potential advantages, Ⅰ.high degree of mechanization, fast construction speed and low cost, Ⅱ. template free construction and less resource consumption, Ⅲ.low labor intensity and labor saving, Ⅳ.the construction process is safe, clean and accurate, Ⅴ.free design, light weight, high strength and multifunction, Ⅵ.highly customized, possible for realizing both standardization and personalization. However, 3D printing construction technology cannot be directly used to traditional common concrete on account of the different construction techniques. Generally, the materials which were treated via layer by layer manner invariably accompany with the defects of low structure and formation of weak joints between material layers. Therefore, impressive efforts have been devoted by researchers in the investigation of material mix proportion, optimum structural design, evaluation criterion and construction technology. Lately, some cases have been reported that the 3D printing technology has been successfully adopted to personalized housing and bridge construction. Successful applications of large-scale 3D printing technology in construction filed,include contour forming crafting, concrete printing crafting, D-type printing crafting and digital fabrication crafting, among which the contour forming crafting has been a mainstream technology. The main features of 3D printing construction technology are summarized as follows: layering concrete based on extrusion, power table-board bonding with binder techniques and reinforcement gridding. In order to meet the requirements of 3D printing technology, the printing materials are required to maintain certain extrudability, buildability, cohesiveness, workable duration and high strength during the printing process. Meanwhile, some enhanced measurements should been taken to insure the safety and reliability of the concrete structures. In addition, with the integration of different technologies, the combination of several technologies may be involved in the application of a specific project. This paper systematically summarizes the development and research progress of large-scale 3D printing construction technology. Moreover, it also reviews the key problems of 3D printing technology such as. raw material selection, the feature of structural reinforcement measures by virtue of the fiber-reinforced cement-based materials. Furthermore, the development direction of applying 3D printing technology in construction industry is also proposed, which provide a reference for its further application and promotion.
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2018, Vol. 32 
