Progress and Future Developments of Graphene Composites Serving as MicrowaveAbsorbing Materials
JIA Kun1,2, WANG Donghong1,2, LI Kexun1,2, GU Jianyu1,2, LIU Wei1,2
1 Electromagnetic Protection Materials and Technology Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030032; 2 NO.33 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Taiyuan 030032
Abstract: Microwave absorbing material is an effective measure to solve the electromagnetic radiation pollution and a key factor affecting radar stealth. Its research is of great significance for both military and civilian applications, which is as well as one of important research areas of high technology around the world. Since the first discovery of graphene, the research upsurge on 2D material in has been raised in the academic circles. Related scholars carried out the research of various types of graphene composites; they also have made some outstanding achievements in theoretical research of microwave absorbing field and development of new absorbing materials. Graphene has already become a research hotspot of new composite absorbing material in a few years. Compared with the traditional absorbing materials such as ferrite and carbon black, graphene has the following advantages: (1) unique two-dimensional material properties, huge performance can be controlled the working surface; (2) good conductivity and special boundary effect. Compared with Ferrite, carbon black and other traditional absorbing materials, graphene has following advantages: (1) the unique 2D material property and the performance of huge working surface can be controlled; (2)good electrical conductivity and special edge effect. However, there is a significant difference between the performance test results and the expected values of the absorbing materials with graphene as the absorbent, resulting in the expected goal of developing a new type of lightweight and high efficiency absorbing material can not be achieved. Therefore, in the past three years, the research focus of graphene composite absorbing materials has been mainly in absorbing mechanism of graphene 2D structure and preparation of graphene/magnetic loss composite absorbing materials. Researchers have been continuously explored new suitable magnetic nano-composition as well as optimized preparation technology, and achieved fruitful results. The potential wave absorbing property of graphene has been deeply excavated. At present, the reflectivity lower than －10 dB can basically realize within frequency band of 2—18 GHz by optimizing composition of graphene composite absorbing material. The researches on the wave absorbing mechanism of graphene were mainly relied on its 2D structure, using density functional theory (DFT) and atom-bond electronegativity equilibrium theory model for the investigatiiona of configurations of intrinsic graphene and doped graphene. During the preparation process of high-performance graphene composite absorbing material, magnetic nano-composition including ferroferric oxide, nickel ferrite, cadmium sulfide have been successfully applied. Ferrite that represented by ferroferric oxide and iron oxide was the earliest one. With advances in co-precipitation method, solvothermal method and other preparation methods, various new magnetic nanoparticles can be combined with graphene to make them have both magnetic loss and electrical energy loss. In recent two years, related scholars have introduced metamaterial into the research and development of graphene compo-site absorbing material and realized preparation of a new transparent graphene composite absorbing material by means of designing the sturcture. In addition, due to own functional property of graphene, most of the graphene composite absorbing materials also have high-efficiency thermal conductivity and good structural strength that can realize the integration of structure and function. This paper summarizes the research efforts and the latest research progress of graphene composite microwave absorbing materials, introduces their two-dimensional structural wave-absorption mechanism, the selection of magnetic doping components and preparation process of large-scale materials, respectively. Otherwise, we pay attention to the problems confronting the current state of the graphene composite microwave absorbing materials and look forward to their future development prospects, in order to provide a reference for the preparation of “wide, thin and light” new graphene composite microwave absorbing materials.
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2019, Vol. 33 
