Abstract: Functionally graded material (FGM) is an engineered material that is inhomogeneous and can be purposefully processed to obtain conti-nuously varying spatial compositions, porosity or microstructures over a definable geometrical length. FGM can be used in a number of applications in engineering, such as biomedical engineering, nuclear industry, aerospace, semiconductor and optoelectric, defence and military, etc. With the widespread application of functionally graded materials, traditional manufacturing technologies with long production cycles and complex procedures are more and more difficult to meet the rapid preparation requirements of customizable and complex-shaped functionally graded material. A more flexible and efficient manufacturing technology is needed to promote the development of functionally graded materials. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a novel material processing approach to create parts or prototypes layer-by-layer directly from a computer aided design (CAD) file. The combination of additive manufacturing and FGM is very promising, especially towards preparation of complex-shaped components with more flexibility and efficiency. In this paper, the gradient types and traditional machining process of FGM are briefly summarized. The advances in preparation of FGM by different kinds of AM technologies at home and abroad are presented, including the basic principles, process features of AM technologies and the properties and applications of FGM. The part orientation and path planning of pre-treatment process are also discussed. Finally, the existing problems are discussed and future trends are prospected.
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2022, Vol. 36 
