Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for different material deposition methods have been created to meet the needs of different industrial areas. Among them, wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) is rapidly developing, which is suitable for the molding of large and complex metal parts. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, low carbon footprint and low cost. With the development of new materials, processes, machinery and systems related to additive manufacturing technology, many research issues on sustainability remain unresolved. Due to the great difference in material and energy demands of different manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing technology is generally no better than traditional processes. Therefore, besides studying the flexibility and process performance of additive manufacturing technology, prudent analyses of the environmental impact of different techniques are also necessary. Life cycle assessment (LCA), as an important environmental management tool for the whole process, or so called “cradle to grave”, of industrial products, has found increasing application in the research of different manufacturing techniques. However, the LCA of additive manufacturing technology only acquires moderate attention, most of which mainly focuses on energy and raw materials consumption. There are relatively few conclusions explaining the energy and environmental impacts, especially those based on reliable life cycle inventory, and moreover, fewer environmental impact and evaluation studies on the WAAM. Therefore, tighter integration and deeper interdisciplinary collaboration are worthful. This paper introduces the definition and technical framework of LCA, and, based on LCA method, summarizes the research status of WAAM’s environmental impact from four aspects, i.e. goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and result interpretation, including all material and energy flows from raw material acquisition to end-of-life treatment. Compared with different process methods, the environmental impact characteristics of the AM are analyzed.
栗卓新, 祝静, 李红. 增材制造技术环境影响及其生命周期评价的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(11): 11173-11179.
LI Zhuoxin, ZHU Jing, LI Hong. Research Progress on Environmental Impact and Life Cycle Assessment of Additive Manufacturing Technology. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(11): 11173-11179.
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