Progress in Supercooling and Suppression Methods of Phase Change Materials
ZHANG Zhengfei1, QIN Ziyi1, LI Yong1, WANG Yi1,2
1 College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050 2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050
Abstract: Supercooling is a metastable state produced in the process of liquid-solid phase transition to provide energy for ionic diffusion, crystal growth and crystal surface expansion. Although it is the driving force of crystallization, the excessive supercooling degree leads to the decrease of crystallization temperature and extension of crystallization time, which further makes the stored energy released in unsuited temperature and reduces the thermal energy utilization efficiency.The excessive supercooling degree has become one of the most important factors that restrict the large-scale application of phase change thermal storage technology. Numerous experimental results demonstrate that supercooling phenomenon is closely related to the formation and growth rate of melt crystal nucleus, environment temperature, roughness of contact surface, melt temperature, etc. Unfortunately, the intrinsic mechanism of the supercooling phenomenon is still problematic, and yet it is also necessary to experimentally explore the influence law and the regulation means. Currently, manual seeding including adding nucleating agents or nanoparticles, introducing additives before capsulation or fluidization, as well as dynamic nucleation including mechanical vibration, stirring and ultrasonic irradiation, are the most effective ways to induce crystallization. Heterogeneous nucleation induced by adding nucleating agents, nanoparticles and partially unmelted parent phase crystals is the most commonly used and effective method to eliminate supercooling. In order to improve the dispersibility of additives and prevent phase separation of hydrated inorganic salt, a certain amount of thickening agents is often required to be added apart from nucleating agent, but the addition amounts of the two need to be optimized. Capsulation can change the crystallization characteristics of phase change materials. Previous research has reached a consensus that dispersing nucleating agents prior to capsulation will improve the supercooling degree of phase change materials. Ultrasonic oscillation, the commonly used dynamic nucleation method, can accelerate the crystallization process and improve the dispersion of the crystal nucleus by breaking crystals and mixing with the melt. The addition of nanoparticles along with applying ultrasonic process are also conducive to suppressing supercooling. This paper briefly described the supercooling phenomenon and typical supercooling curves, as well as the factors influencing supercooling degree. In addition, it summarizes the methods of suppressing supercooling, including adding additives method, capsulation method, functional fluid method and ultrasonic vibration method.
作者简介: 张正飞,2016年6月毕业于华北理工大学,获得理学学士学位。现为兰州理工大学石油化工学院硕士研究生,在王毅教授指导下进行研究。目前主要研究方向为多元醇复合相变材料的过冷特性分析。 王毅,兰州理工大学石油化工学院教授,博士研究生导师,应用化学系主任,甘肃省化学会青年工作者委员会委员,国家自然科学基金项目和中国博士后科学基金评审专家。2014年6月兰州理工大学先进材料及其制备技术专业博士研究生毕业,获工学博士学位。2013年入选第八批“西部之光”资助计划,师从杨万泰院士。近年来,在相变储能与环境催化领域发表论文40余篇,包括Solar Energy Materials ＆ Solar Cells、Energy and Buildings、Renewable Energy和Energy Conversion and Management等。
引用本文:
张正飞, 秦紫依, 李勇, 王毅. 相变材料的过冷现象及其抑制方法的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(21): 3613-3619.
ZHANG Zhengfei, QIN Ziyi, LI Yong, WANG Yi. Progress in Supercooling and Suppression Methods of Phase Change Materials. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(21): 3613-3619.
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2019, Vol. 33 
