Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries will generate significant heat during operation. The excess temperature of the battery pack or the large temperature variations between packs may severely damage their performance and lifespan. A well-designed liquid-cooling plate with a runner structure is crucial to address these issues. In this work, a novel double labyrinth runner liquid cooling plate was designed, the cooling performance of this plate was compared with that of traditional serpentine runner liquid cooling plate with numerical simulations. It demonstrated a superior effectiveness of the plate design. The impact of coolant flow direction, placement orientation of the liquid-cooled plate, and structural parameters on battery pack cooling performance was analyzed using single-factor analysis. Taking the maximum temperature and temperature differences of battery pack as objective functions, an agent-based model between the structural parameters and objective functions of the liquid-cooled plate was established. The NSGA-II optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize these structural parameters. The entropy weighting method was employed for the first time to select the optimal solution, mitigating subjective biases observed in prior studies. Simulation results indicate that the optimized structure reduces maximum battery pack temperature differences by 29.1%, enhancing temperature uniformity across the pack.
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2025, Vol. 39 
